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Innovative training for the new generation of leaders
With the online MBA program you will be able to train with the same quality as in our on-site program without having to put your work life on hold. The program consists of live online classes, resources that you can retrieve whenever you want, and 3 face-to-face meetings at our campus in Costa Rica.
This training will enable you to grow professionally and provide you with the tools you need to adapt to today's business landscape. In addition, you will have the opportunity to strengthen your contacts by joining a global network of leaders.
Leadership I
Critical Thinking and Decision Making (Transversal from module 1 to 5)
Introduction to Value Creation
Introduction to Accounting
Financial Mathematics
Introduction to Data Analytics
Computer Science for Business
Financial Accounting
Communication and Leadership
Data Analytics I
Finance I
Technology and Innovation
Operations I
Data Analytics
Industrial Organization
Managing People and Organizations I
Fundamentals of Sustainability I
Marketing I
Leadership II
Career Services
Fundamentals of Sustainability II
Managerial Accounting
Digital Transformation
Business Strategy
Operations
Finance II
Business Ethics
Managing People and Organizations II
Marketing II
Political Analysis
Applied Macroeconomics
Corporate Strategy
Negotiation
Collaborative Leadership
Sustainability Management
Portfolio Management
Management Control
Banking and Finance
Industry 4.0
Supply Chain Management
Digital Marketing
Finance Topics: Derivative Assets and Fintech
Project Management
Introduction to Consulting (Transversal from module 6 to 9)
Career Services
INCAE reserves the right to make changes to its programs.
INCAE is recognized by international rankings as the most prestigious business school in Latin America. We have international professors with extensive experience and PhDs from the best universities. Our programs follow a comprehensive learning model for executives based on practical methodologies such as case analysis and business simulations. In addition, they allow students to network, expanding their network of contacts with entrepreneurs and leaders from around the world.
Pay the admission process fee.
Submit psychometric evaluation or admission test.
Complete the online admission form.
Conduct an official interview.
This program is designed for people looking for a flexible program that allows them to continue their education while continuing to work. It is also aimed at people who want to expand their network of contacts with other leaders around the world. The profile of online MBA students are professionals with an average of 8 years of experience, with studies in management, engineering or finance, among other areas.
| Online | |
| Quota reservation | $ 1,850 |
| Collegiate | $ 35,150 |
| Lodging | $490 |
| Materials | $ 2,800 |
| Total | $ 40,290 |
Does not include on-campus accommodations, these must be paid additionally and according to the rates in the weeks of travel. Includes breakfast, lunch and dinner during the week of classes on Campus. The student must cover all other expenses related to these trips.

We offer you different financing options, programs and scholarships to help you cover the cost of the master's degree.
"One of the advantages of the online MBA is that I can take that reading, that class or those teachings to a project and bring all this knowledge to the company where I am. In addition, the connections and networking that are generated are very interesting, because if I go to another country I always have someone to turn to."


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Executive Programs
He is an Associate Professor of Technology and Innovation Management at INCAE Business School, has directed the Executive Masters in Marketing and Digital Transformation, and currently directs the Specialization in Artificial Intelligence for Digital Business.
He is the author of more than 200 managerial and academic works related to the adoption of technological innovations and business intelligence. He is also a pioneer in the incorporation and adoption of Generative Artificial Intelligence tools in the teaching of the case method and critical thinking.
Dr. Barahona has extensive experience advising and training business and government leaders in more than 20 countries. Through the corporate programs of INCAE and the firm Sociométrika, he has contributed with local and global companies in the identification and solution of complex problems, based on a design approach, data analysis and "People Analytics".
He earned an MBA with an emphasis in Banking and Finance from INCAE and a Ph.D. Media, Arts, and Sciences from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab. His thesis "Diffusion of ideas, practices, and artifacts: network effects on collective outcomes" was guided by Alex (Sandy) Pentland, declared by FORBES as one of the "7 most powerful data scientists in the world".
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Juan Carlos Barahona is an associate professor at INCAE Business School. His general academic interest is on the role of digital technologies and social structures in the diffusion of ideas, behaviors and artifacts.
He was a member of the Human Dynamics Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Media Lab. The scientific research group led by Prof. Alex (Sandy) Pentland, one of the most cited computer scientists and considered by Newsweek magazine as one of the 100 most influential people on the planet.
Before joining MIT, he was Deputy Director of the Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development at INCAE, and consultant to the World Bank for the development of the strategy and business plan for the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor, and on issues related to education.
In the late 1990s, he led the research team that developed the conceptual model and facilitated the reform process of the five Central American customs offices, as part of a joint action-research initiative on trade logistics by the Harvard Center for International Development, Harvard Business School's Center for Strategy and Competition and INCAE.
Prof. Barahona has served as a consultant to companies and governments in several Latin American countries in the fields of strategy and organization. He is co-author of Costa Rica's education policy and one of the pioneers in digital government in Costa Rica. He is the author of business case studies, articles, books and book chapters on sustainable development, customs reform, trade logistics, information technologies for development and social network analysis. Before opting for an academic career, he was an entrepreneur and founder of a software company and a business consulting firm.
He currently complements his academic work by advising companies as a consultant or as a member of their board of directors.


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He earned a Ph.D. in Finance and Development and an M.A. in International Economics from Ohio State University, as well as a B.S. in Civil Engineering from the University of Costa Rica, with Honors.
He is a Full Professor at INCAE Business School, in the areas of Currency, Banking and Finance, Financial Institutions and Capital Markets, Portfolio Management, Risk Assessment and Management.
He also holds a Stock Market Operator's License in the Equities Market, Options and Futures Market, and the Clearing House of the Madrid Stock Exchange, Spain, granted by the Spanish Stock Exchange and Markets Institute (BME).
His current responsibilities include:
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Prof. Camacho also held the following positions:
Public and related positions


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Executive Programs
Professor María Elena Carballo, a native of Costa Rica, earned a Ph.D. in Literary Studies and an M.A., both from Brandeis University in the United States. Her dissertation was on García Márquez's "The Autumn of the Patriarch" and the Spanish-American novel of the dictatorship.
Prior to joining INCAE, she was a Fulbright-LASPAU scholar for three years and a Hirschfeld Fellow at Brandeis University for two consecutive years. Her book "La Casa Paterna", which she co-authored, won the 1993 national essay prize in Costa Rica.
At INCAE, in the master's degree programs, he teaches courses in the areas of humanities and communication.
Professor María Elena Carballo, a native of Costa Rica, earned a Ph.D. in Literary Studies and an M.A., both from Brandeis University in the United States. Her dissertation was on García Márquez's "The Autumn of the Patriarch" and the Spanish-American novel of the dictatorship.
Prior to joining INCAE, she was a Fulbright-LASPAU scholar for three years and a Hirschfeld Fellow at Brandeis University for two consecutive years. Her book "La Casa Paterna", which she co-authored, won the 1993 national essay prize in Costa Rica.
As an assistant professor at INCAE in the master's degree programs, she teaches courses in the humanities and communication areas at the Costa Rica campus.


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Carla Fernández Corrales is the Senior Director of Executive Education & INCAE Online and is an Assistant Professor at INCAE Business School. She earned her Ph.D. in Business Administration with a concentration in Information Systems from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In addition, she obtained a Grade in Industrial Engineering and an M.S. in Computer Science with honors, both from the University of Costa Rica. She was awarded a Fulbright scholarship from the U.S. Department of State.
Dr. Fernández Corrales' research focuses on the study of technology management and innovation using machine learning methods. Her teaching and consulting interests focus on the strategic use of information technologies, data science and agile methodologies.
As a consultant, lecturer and TEDx speaker, Professor Fernández Corrales stands out for her ability to communicate highly specialized knowledge about technology to non-technical audiences, establishing connections with the value proposition, strategy and risk analysis in organizations.
Passionate about innovation and the digital transformation of higher education, she has also served in various academic leadership positions, including Director of Educational Technologies (METICS) at the University of Costa Rica, Director of Learning Innovation at INCAE Executive Education and Academic Director of the MBA programs at INCAE Business School.


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Conrado is an Assistant Professor at INCAE and holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Warwick. His research focuses on economic theory and financial economics. Conrado teaches Industrial Organization and International Finance.
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Research work


Professor Emeritus José Exprúa has taught marketing courses in the Master's Programs at INCAE Business School. He has accumulated more than fifteen years of teaching experience in Latin America and the United States. He has taught in more than 200 seminars, workshops and conferences in the United States, Central and South America. Previously, he held administrative positions within INCAE such as Secretary General, Director of Master's Degrees and Dean.
He has international experience as a consultant in companies and institutions in Central America, Panama, Brazil, Ecuador and Paraguay. He has worked in the areas of: strategic planning, change processes, quality improvement, customer service, design, formulation and implementation of competitive strategies to develop brand value.
He has been an invited speaker for competitive strategic planning at Zeneca Sao Paulo, Brazil; Grupo Financiero Delta, Panama; Mexico Express, Los Angeles, USA, as well as other invitations at Monsanto, Costa Rica, Carrier of Mexico, Kellogg's of Guatemala, Grupo Noboa of Ecuador, British-American Tobbaco of Costa Rica.
Articles
He holds a Doctorate in Business Administration from Southern Illinois University and a Master's Degree in Business Administration from INCAE, which he obtained with High Distinction. He is a professor of Marketing in the Master's Programs at INCAE Business School.
He has accumulated more than fifteen years of teaching experience in Latin America and the United States. He has taught in more than 200 seminars, workshops and conferences in the United States, Central and South America. Previously, he held administrative positions within INCAE such as Secretary General, Director of the Master's Program, Dean, and Head of Mission of the Montefresco Campus.
He has extensive international experience as a consultant in companies and institutions in Central America, Panama, Brazil, Ecuador and Paraguay, especially in strategic planning and change processes through the implementation of initiatives, continuous improvement of total quality and customer service.
He also has experience in marketing management problem solving, in the design, formulation and implementation of competitive marketing strategies, and the diagnosis and strategic marketing audit of the company, and more recently in competitive strategies to develop brand value and also in brand auditing.
He has recently been an invited speaker for competitive strategic planning at Zeneca Sao Paulo, Brazil; Grupo Financiero Delta, Panama; Mexico Express, Los Angeles, USA, in addition to other invitations at Monsanto, Costa Rica, Carrier of Mexico, Kellogg's of Guatemala, Grupo Noboa of Ecuador, British-American Tobbaco of Costa Rica.


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Executive Programs
D. in Management Decision Sciences from IE Business School and an MSc. in International Management from the same school. He is an Assistant Professor at INCAE Business School and focuses on Management Decision Sciences.
He is also an Adjunct Professor in the Operations and Technology area at IE Business School, and a member of the Decision Analysis Society (INFORMS), as well as co-editor of the Ask Das column in Decision Analysis Today.
His research focuses on the intersection of theoretical knowledge of decision making (related to mathematical models), and how it is actually done in practice (related to cognitive and social psychology), for application in managerial decisions.
Florian Federspiel is Assistant Professor at INCAE Business School and focuses on Management Decision Sciences.
Prior to joining INCAE Business School, he was a Visiting Scholar in the Operations and Information Management Group at Georgetown University McDonough School of Business in the USA and an Adjunct Professor in the area of Operations and Technology at IE Business School in Spain.
His research focuses on the intersection of theoretical knowledge of decision making (related to mathematical models), and how decisions are actually made in practice (related to cognitive and social psychology), always with the aim of identifying possible failures and interventions to combat such failures in managerial decisions.
He is a member of the Decision Analysis Society of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS), as well as editor of the Ask DAS column of Decision Analysis Today.


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Guatemalan academic, consultant and entrepreneur. He has been a faculty member at INCAE Business School since 1986. He has been academic director and professor in different executive training programs for the private, public, and non-profit sectors.
He specialized in the areas of Institutional Analysis, Development Finance, Microfinance and Economic and Social Development. He is a member of the Global Network of Microfinance in MBA Programs and has been a member of the Academy of Management (AOM).
He has lectured in different parts of the world including all the countries of the Central American Isthmus, USA, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, France, Philippines, India, Morocco, South Africa, and Uganda.
He teaches courses in the master's degree programs in the areas of Development Finance and Microfinance, Managerial Control and Finance, Entrepreneurship and New Enterprises, Introduction to Consulting, Negotiation, and Management Consulting Practice (MCP).
Guatemalan academic, consultant and businessman. He is a Full Professor at INCAE Business School, an institution he joined in 1986 and where he has risen through the academic ranks from Assistant Researcher to Full Professor.
At INCAE Business School he teaches courses in the master's degree programs in the areas of Development Finance and Microfinance, Management Control and Finance, Entrepreneurship and New Enterprises, Introduction to Consulting, Negotiation, and Management Consulting Practice (MCP) (Field Work, an initiative of which he is Founder and Academic Director).
As founder and Academic Director of Management Consulting Practice he has had the opportunity to support more than two hundred companies in the Americas (among them Bayer Corporation in the U.S.A.; Cia. Pfizer, Grupo Gigante, Aeroméxico, and Carrier Corporation in Mexico; Grupo la Fragua in Guatemala; Grupo TACA in El Salvador; Cargill in Honduras; Corporación de Supermercados Unidos in Costa Rica; Grupo Pellas in Nicaragua; MARCIMEX in Ecuador; Bolsa de Valores, EDIFICA and MARCIMEX in Peru; and the Radisson Hotel in Bolivia) in the solution of strategic and managerial problems, through practical application work prepared under his direction and supervision by graduates of the MBA program at INCAE Business School.
Professor Alfaro has also taught courses in the areas of Quantitative Methods for Managers, Political and Environmental Analysis, Economic Development Theory, and Project Formulation and Evaluation, and has been academic director and professor in different executive training programs for the private, public and non-governmental sectors. He is Founder and Academic Director of the Program/Diploma in Senior Management of Microfinance Institutions (PAD-MIF) and the Diploma in Advanced Management in Banking and Finance for Development (PGA BFD).
He has also been a professor of the Master of Medical Management Program at Tulane University (USA) and professor of the Negotiation and Business Plan courses at the Escuela Panamericana El Zamorano (Honduras).
In 2005 he was awarded two academic distinctions at the Universidad Sergio Arboleda in Colombia:
Dr. Alfaro has been the Academic Champion for Microfinance in MBA Programs at INCAE Business School for the past several years. He is a member of the Global Network of Microfinance in MBA Programs and has been a member of the Academy of Management (AOM). He has lectured in different parts of the world including all the countries of the Central American Isthmus, USA, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, France, Philippines, India, Morocco, South Africa, and Uganda.
He obtained his Ph.D. from The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A., where he specialized in the areas of Institutional Analysis, Development Finance, and Economic and Social Development. He also received a Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree in Agricultural Economics, with a specialization in Rural Financial Markets. Previously, he studied at INCAE where he obtained a Master's degree in Business Administration (MAE), with a concentration in Agribusiness and Rural Development, and a Functional Business Administrator, with a concentration in Investment Management (Graduate with Distinction).


Executive Programs
Margaret Rose Grigsby is a distinguished Professor of Leadership and Marketing and the President of Brainpower Latin America. As an Executive Coach for senior leaders, a sought-after speaker on leadership and women's leadership, and a consultant specializing in brand strategy and personal branding, she brings a wealth of expertise to her field.
With nearly 25 years of executive experience in multinational corporations, Margaret has held leadership roles across Latin America and the Caribbean. Her career includes positions as CEO in Argentina, COO in Colombia, President and General Manager in Costa Rica, VP for Latin America in Mexico, and VP Director in the Caribbean, among others. This extensive regional exposure has provided her with a deep understanding of cultural nuances and market dynamics across Latin America.
Margaret holds a graduate degree in Leadership Coaching from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., an MBA from INCAE Business School, and a double major in Social and Organizational Psychology from McGill University in Montreal, Canada.


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Urs Jäger is a strategist, researcher and teacher, specialist in strategic change management, leadership, business ethics, entrepreneurship and impact management with extensive experience in Europe and Latin America.
He is the Senior Director of Impact and Sustainability and Associate Professor at INCAE Business School, and Executive Director of VIVA Idea. He guides his work from approaches of action research methodology, sustainability, entrepreneurship and social innovation, with a focus on the inclusion of formal and informal markets, working in emerging countries.
He holds the VIVA Idea Schmidheiny Chair in Sustainability at INCAE Business School, in joint leadership with other colleagues. The Chair focuses on developing solutions that enable leaders to manage their impact and develops solutions based on an action research approach.
As executive director of VIVA Idea, an organization that is part of the VIVA Trust ecosystem of organizations that supports sustainable development throughout Latin America, he executes processes of action, accompaniment and training for leaders of companies, foundations, governments, non-governmental organizations and communities in managing impact. Impact management means the way in which leaders can make decisions and act to promote social progress. In this process, VIVA Idea collaborates with the Chair at INCAE Business School.
Urs Jäger's research focuses on collaborations between actors in unequal situations (such as indigenous peoples and multinational corporations), drivers of informal market development and governance practices that strengthen informal market development with a focus on social and economic progress. Together with his teams, he has developed action-research studies in Europe, Indonesia and more than ten countries in Latin America.
2013 to date: Associate Professor. INCAE Business School (Costa Rica)
2013 to date: Research Director. VIVA, in collaboration with INCAE Business School (Costa Rica).
2007 to date: Associate Professor (Privatdozent). University of St. Gallen (Switzerland).
2011 to 2012: Visiting Research Professor. INCAE Business School (Costa Rica)
2006 to 2011: Founding Co-Director. Center for Leadership and Values in Society (CLVS-HSG), University of St. Gallen. 2006: Visiting Scholar. Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management, Los Angeles (USA).
2003 to 2006: Assistant Professor. Institute of Management, University of St. Gallen.
2000 to 2003: Management Accountant/Financial Services Project Manager and Human Resource Consultant. Lufthansa Group (aviation company) (Frankfurt, Germany)
1999 to 2000: Research Associate. Institute for Leadership and Human Resources Management, University of St. Gallen.
1998 to 1999 : Portfolio Management Analyst. Investment banking firm (Zurich, Switzerland).
1998: Junior Consultant. Management Centre of St. Gallen (MZSG). (St.Gallen)
1997 to 1998: Project Member. Institute for Business Ethics, University of St. Gallen.
1997: Consultant. Consulting Group for Nonprofit-Organizations (BSU). (Stuttgart, Germany)
1996: Researcher. Institute of Work Psychology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) (Zürich, Switzerland).
1991 to 1992: Corporal. Swiss Military Service (Switzerland)


Bernard Kilian is Dean of Faculty and Research at INCAE Business School, where he also teaches courses in the areas of Microeconomics and Operations Management as a full professor. A native of Germany, he holds a Ph.D. in Environmental Resource Economics and an M.Sc. in Agricultural Sciences with emphasis in Economics, both from the University of Hohenheim, Germany.
Prior to joining INCAE, he was in charge of the economic project within a national macro project in Germany called precision agriculture. He also taught at the graduate level at the University of Hohenheim, and was a visiting professor at the University of Minnesota. He has led numerous market studies on sustainable products in international markets.
As a full professor of INCAE in the master's degree programs, he has a vast experience, backed by several years of professional practice. Professor Kilian teaches courses in the areas of Microeconomics and Operations Management.
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Full Professor in Operations Management and Microeconomics, INCAE Business School.
Sustainable Market Intelligence Center CIMS, Costa Rica. Former Production and Research Manager.
Since May 2005, part-time. University of Hohenheim, Department of Agricultural Economics. Project Manager
March 1999 - July 2002 Economic Project part of the National Research and Development Project Administration and Management System for Precision Agriculture to increase the efficiency of agricultural activity and promote its compatibility with the environment. Promoted and directed by the German Ministry of Education and Science.
1999-2000.
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1993-1994.
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Consulting:
Concentration: Econometrics -The objective of the visit was to exchange metrological concepts for testing improvements in precision profitability in agriculture. Timirjasew-Akademie. Moscow, Russia, May 20-28, 2000 Tiblise State University. Tiblise, Georgia,
19 -26 October 2001 TEMPUS Project: Restructuring of the economic program in universities in Eastern European countries. Promoted by the European Union. -The purpose of the exchange was to support Eastern European Universities to develop in them Economics departments, and I also offered courses in Natural Resources Economics. Workshops promoted by the European Union: Joint Action: Policies to Control the Environmental Impacts of Agriculture.
17-19 May 2000 Oslo, Norway Workshop on Mineral Emissions from Agriculture,
January 25-28, 1996 European Commission (EU), Directorate for Agriculture, Brussels, Belgium.
November 25-27, 2001. -Representative of Germany to inform and consult to the European Commission the point of view of Applied Economics about the introduction of Precision Agriculture in the different countries. INCAE. Alajuela, Costa Rica. Carlson School of Management Seminar-INCAE.
January 7-18, 2001. The seminar covered the following topics: Management, resource economics, environment and sustainable development and their management in Latin America (local cases). Languages: German, English, Spanish and French.


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Executive Programs
Luis López is a Full Professor at INCAE Business School and a specialist in the area of Operations Management and Technology. He has taught courses in the master's degree programs of INCAE, both in the residential and executive programs, and in executive seminars in different countries.
He has experience as a consultant to companies in several Latin American countries, especially in Technology Management, Manufacturing Strategy, and Strategic Simulation. Recently he has explored possible uses of continuous simulation in environments that combine continuous flows with discrete flows in the production, transportation and storage of goods.
He has extensive experience as a consultant for companies and organizations in different Latin American countries, especially in Operations Management, Technology and Innovation Management and Strategic Simulation. He participates in Boards of Directors of several companies.
He has publications in several specialized journals, such as Journal of International Business Studies, British Journal of Management, Management Decision, Journal of Product Innovation Management, among others. He has also developed a large number of teaching materials, cases and simulators.
He completed his doctoral studies at the Sloan School of Business, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
He holds a Master in Business Administration (INCAE, graduated with distinction), Electrical Engineer, Universidad de Costa Rica, B. S. Marine Engineering (U. S. Merchant Marine Academy, graduated with distinction).
He is a full professor of INCAE in the area of Operations Management, Technology and System Dynamics. He has taught in the master's degree courses of INCAE, both in the residential and executive programs, and in the executive seminars of INCAE in different countries.
He has several years of experience as a consultant to companies in several Latin American countries, especially in Operations Strategy, Supply Chain Management and Strategic Simulation.
He uses simulation models for strategic scenario planning and analysis of complex situations. He has developed simulation models to evaluate capacity requirements in processing plants, to assess behaviors of multi-store and multi-product supply chains in various industries, to estimate behaviors in hospital care networks, to determine the impact of contracting modalities in logistics processes, to study supply chains in service operations and to explore the dynamics of judicial supply chains.
He has done work related to the interaction between traditional strategic planning and the determination of resource requirements and needs over time. Recently he has explored possible uses of simulation in environments that combine continuous flows with discrete flows in the production, transportation and storage of goods.


Professor Emeritus of INCAE, Nicolás Marín, a native of Nicaragua, specializes in the areas of banking, finance, international business and corporate strategy, and has been a consultant and director of industrial, banking and financial companies in the United States and Latin America.
He is the author of more than 50 cases and publications and co-author of several books, including: Strategic Investment Analysis and Mergers and Acquisitions in Practice.
In 2013 he was nominated for Business Professor of the Year in the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) of The Economist magazine.
Nicolás Marín is a full professor at the faculty of INCAE in the areas of Finance and Strategy. His academic and research experience has been concentrated in the areas of finance, international business and corporate strategy. Professor Marín received his Ph.D. in Business Administration with a focus on international finance from Harvard University and holds an MBA from Tulane University. Previously, he studied industrial relations at the Universidad Iberoamericana in Mexico. He is a consultant and director of industrial and financial companies in the United States and Latin America. Committees of INCAE on which he serves Academic Policy Committee Management Committee Finance Committee Retirement Fund Committee Grading Committee Editorial Board of INCAE Business Review.


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Octavio Martínez Argüello is a professor of competitive and corporate strategy at INCAE Business School. He was also director of its Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development (CLACDS). His academic research on issues of vertical integration strategy, contracts and geographic location of companies has been awarded several times by the Academy of Management, the world's leading professional association of management academics and consultants.
He has been a consultant in strategy formulation and implementation for companies in the food and beverage, agribusiness, pharmaceutical, energy, financial and real estate sectors. He is a partner of bac&asociados, a consulting firm specialized in the strategic transformation of companies in Latin America. Previously, he has experience in operations management with Walmart de México y Centroamérica.
He has also been invited to lecture at Harvard University (HBS), University of Pennsylvania (Wharton), New York University (NYU Stern), Washington University in St. Louis (Olin), Instituto de Empresa (IE), Duke University, Boston University (Questrom), Insper (Brazil), Universidad Católica de Chile and Universidad Torcuato di Tella (Argentina).
D. in Business Strategy from the University of Toronto, Rotman School of Management. He also holds an MBA (with high distinction) from INCAE Business School, and a BS in Industrial Engineering (cum laude) from the American University (UAM). Prior to obtaining his doctorate, he was a senior researcher at INCAE, where he developed a comprehensive collection of teaching cases used in the institution's master's and executive education programs in Latin America. This collection includes topics on business and financial strategy, competitiveness, marketing and sales in transnational and local companies.
Articles
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Bolaños, E.; Arce, R. (2020). Nicaragua's Road to Prosperity.
Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2020). From Crisis to Business Opportunity.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Montiel, E. (Eduardo) (2016). Budget Inn Hotel: Estimating Country Risk in Cost of Capital.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Ketelhöhn, N. (Niels); Pérez, F. (Felipe) (2015). Energy for Competitiveness.
Ketelhöhn, N. (Niels); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2009). Log of a container (B).
Ketelhöhn, N. (Niels); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2008). The Nicaraguan cattle and beef industry in 2007.
Exprúa, J. (José); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2008). Club Colombia: Extending the success.
Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2008). Backus and Johnston: Responding to competition.
Retana, G. (Germán); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2008). Organizational change in the Pluto factory.
Exprúa, J. (José); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2008). Re-launching Club Colombia beer.
Condo, A. (Arturo); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2008). Central American Polytechnic Institute (IPC): Training for competitiveness.
Alfaro, L.N. (Luis); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2007). Compartamos: Economic, social, and human capital.
Alfaro, L.N. (Luis); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2007). National Brewery Collection.
Books
Research work
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Solórzano, Gaudy. (2024). Café de Costa Rica: traceability & sustainability statement (31338) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Montiel, E. (Eduardo Luis); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Hotel Business Inn: estimando riesgo país (12485) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Cervecería Nacional: canal diversión; papel del Channel Developer (11725) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Ketelhohn, N. (Niels) (2024). Industria nicaragüense de ganaderia para carne bovina en el año 2007 (11815) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Cervecería Nacional: canal diversión; papel del POS (11723) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Retana, G. (Germán) (2024). Cambio organizacional en la Fábrica Plutón (11793) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Cervecería Nacional: canal para llevar; papel del POS (11713) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Montiel, E. (Eduardo); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Sucesión accionaria y relaciones armoniosas en empresas familiares . San José, Costa Rica :. San José, Costa Rica : Summa Media Group.
Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Cervecería Nacional: canal comiendo fuera; papel del Channel Developer (11721) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Ketelhohn, N. ( Niels) (2024). Bitácora de un contenedor de Chiltomas (11981) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Cervecería Nacional: canal socializando; papel del POS (11715) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Clancy, S. (Susan); Martínez, O. (Octavio); Ketelhöhn, N. (Niels) (2024). Corrupción en América Latina y sus soluciones potenciales . Georgia :. Georgia : CNN en Español.
Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Cervecería Nacional: canal para llevar (11711) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Sanz, L. (Luis J.) (2024). Credi Q Inversiones II = Credi Q Investments II (12093) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Oxley, J. (Joanne); Silverman, B. (Brian) (2024). Addressing endogeneity issues in alliance research . Amsterdam, Netherlands :. Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier.
Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Cervecería Nacional: canal socializando; papel del Channel Developer (11717) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Pérez, F. (Felipe) (2024). Agropecuaria San Jorge . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Cervecería Nacional: canal comiendo fuera; papel del POS (11719) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Sanz, L. (Luis); Martínez, O. (Octavio); Lesizza, Mateo.; González, Connie; traductor.; González, Connie (2024). Lidersoft (11535) . Managua, Nicaragua :. Managua, Nicaragua : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Beverinotti, J. (Javier); Figueroa, L. (Luis) (2024). Crecimiento empresarial en tiempos de incertidumbre: resumen de experiencias de organizaciones emblemáticas en la región andina . New York :. New York : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Coronavirus: 7 formas de proteger el empleo de los colaboradores en la empresa . Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala :. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala : Prensa Libre, S.A..
Ketelhöhn, N. (Niels); Navarro, Emily.; Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Ejercicio: la concentración del sector bancario Latinoamericano en 2014 = Exercise: concentration of the Latin American banking sector in 2014 (12461) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); López, J. (Juan Pablo) (2024). Corrupción, trayendo a la luz lo oculto: el caso de Honduras y El Salvador . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : CLACDS.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Alfaro, L. (Luis Noel) (2024). Fundación para el Desarrollo Socio-Económico Rural (FUNDESER) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel) (2024). COMASA: Creating an industry = COMASA: la creación de una industria (11875) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). De la Crisis a la oportunidad de negocios. Costa Rica. Costa Rica Revista Vida y Éxito.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Sanz, L. (Luis J.) (2024). Credi Q Inversiones II . Bogotá, Colombia :. Bogotá, Colombia : CLADEA.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Corts, K. (Kenneth S.) (2024). Long-term contracts and repeated interaction: evidence from the Costa Rican coffee market . New York :. New York : Academy of Management.
Ketelhohn, N. (Niels); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Eficiencia, canas o cerebro: ¿En que basan sus estrategias de diferenciación los bufetes de América Latina? . San José, Costa Rica :. San José, Costa Rica : Summa Media Group.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Pérez, F. (Felipe); Baltodano, D. (Duilio) (2024). Ganadería Internacional S.A. (Gainsa) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Brenes, E. (Esteban R.); Ciravegna, L. (Luciano); López, María Fernanda; Pichardo, Caleb (2024). Cacao Oro (31414) . United States :. United States : IFAMA.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Alfaro Gramajo, L. N. (Luis Noel) (2024). Compartamos: valor económico, social y humano = Compartamos: economic, social, and human value (11729) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Contreras, Ginger. (2024). García & Bodan: Attorneys & Counselors at law (12489) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Ketelhöhn, N. (Niels); Martínez, O. (Octavio); Figueroa, L. (Luis) (2024). Efectos de la crisis del COVID-19 en América Latina y respuestas gerenciales . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Brenes, E. (Esteban R.); Martínez, O. (Octavio); Ketelhohn, N. (Niels); Hernández, Andrea. (2024). Agroalfa (31166) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Ketelhöhn, N. (Niels); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2023). Growth strategies for law firms . Massachusetts :. Massachusetts : Harvard Business Review Press.
C. Mora-García (Claudio); Memarian, M. (Mahsa); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2023). Pandemia y nuevas dinámicas en el mercado inmobiliario residencial. Costa Rica. Costa Rica INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2023). El Camino de Nicaragua a la Prosperidad . Costa Rica. Costa Rica INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2023). Respuestas gerenciales en tiempos de Covid-19 . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2023). Cómo sostener las finanzas de una empresa en la crisis del coronavirus . Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala :. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala : Prensa Libre, S.A..
Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2023). Market competition and vertical contracting: evidence from the trade of coffee beans . New York :. New York : Academy of Management.
Octavio Martínez Argüello is currently a professor of competitive and corporate strategy at INCAE Business School.
He has been a consultant in strategy formulation and implementation, as well as in the evaluation of investment projects in companies in the food and beverage, agribusiness, energy and real estate sectors.
Previously, he developed experience in retail operations management with Wal-Mart de Mexico and Central America.
D. in Business Strategy from the University of Toronto, Rotman School of Management.
He also holds an MBA with high distinction from INCAE Business School, and a Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Engineering (Cum Laude) from Universidad Americana (UAM).
His academic research on vertical integration strategy and geographic location of companies has been awarded several times by the Academy of Management, the world's leading professional association of management academics and consultants.
He has also been invited to lecture at Harvard University (HBS), University of Pennsylvania (Wharton), New York University (NYU Stern), Washington University in St. Louis, Instituto de Empresa (IE), Duke University, Boston University and Universidad Católica de Chile.
Prior to earning his doctorate, he was a Senior Researcher at INCAE, where he developed a collection of 15 teaching cases used in the institution's master's and executive education programs in Latin America.
This collection includes topics on business and financial strategy, competitiveness, marketing and sales in transnational and local companies.


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Andrea M. Prado is an associate professor of management and organizations at INCAE Business School. She is director of the Strachan Chair in Philanthropy and Social Investment. Her research explores the role of companies in promoting sustainable development in the countries where they operate, particularly through their corporate social responsibility strategies and the delivery of products and services to low-income populations.
She also studies the impact and dynamics of industry self-regulation (i.e., the adoption of voluntary certification programs) to promote environmental and labor practices in emerging economies. She has published her research in prestigious academic journals, books and book chapters and has received multiple international awards.
Prof. Prado has led multiple executive programs in Health Management and Global Health at INCAE. She was the Academic Director of the Central America Healthcare Initiative (CAHI) from its inception in 2012 to 2019. CAHI seeks to catalyze access to quality healthcare services for low-income populations through innovative solutions and improved management capabilities in the region through a scholarship program delivered by INCAE.
Prado received a Ph.D. in Management and Organizations from the Stern School of Business, New York University, an M.A. in International Economics from the University of Essex, UK and a B.A. in Economics from the University of Costa Rica. She received a Fulbright scholarship for her doctoral studies and a Chevening scholarship for his master's studies.
More information at: https://www.andreamprado.com/
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D. in Economics from the University of Michigan in August 2000. He also holds a Master's degree in Statistics (May 1998) and a Master's degree in Economics (December 1997) from the same university. His areas of specialization are: Macroeconomics, International Trade, Econometrics and Statistics.
Professor Quintanilla has been an Instructor at the University of Michigan in the following subjects: Macroeconomics and Microeconomics.
He has written numerous case studies and has published in the Journal of Business Research, and INCAE Business Review.
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D. in economics from the University of Michigan in August 2000. He also holds from the same university a Master's degree in Statistics (May 1998) and a Master's degree in Economics (December 1997.) His areas of specialization are: Macroeconomics, International Trade, Econometrics and Statistics. Professor Quintanilla has been an Instructor at the University of Michigan in the following subjects: Macroeconomics and Microeconomics.


Executive Programs
Sergio Restrepo is a digital marketing expert by practice, who understands how to design global and local digital strategies. After ten years working in digital marketing, he understands exactly what moves clients and that is an authentic and human connection with brands.
With a passion for entrepreneurship, he has established himself as one of the key players in the global digital marketing sphere, creating solid development strategies and integrating creative digital solutions for brands that require multilingual and multicultural expertise.
Sergio understands what is technically required behind the scenes for a brand to deliver the most authentic customer experience possible, from a centralized global perspective.
Prof. Restrepo founded a core digital agency in 2007, which grew to over 250 employees and was later sold in 2014 to a global marketing holding company. Since then, he has started and sold other companies leveraged by the technology component.
He has developed digital marketing strategies in new and existing market territories for dozens of global brands, including Nestlé, 3M, New Balance, SaMiller, Honda and Johnson & Johnson, to name a few. Sergio worked with Lionbridge, a world leader in language localization, supporting the Global Digital Marketing Services division until the end of 2018.
He is a visiting professor in digital marketing and digital transformation at IESE Business School (SPAIN), Georgetown University (USA), Boston University (USA) and INCAE Business School (Costa Rica). He is currently dedicated to marketing automation and digital transformation consulting.


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Dr. Arnoldo Rodriguez is an associate professor at INCAE in the areas of Financial Accounting, Managerial Accounting and Control. He earned his Ph.D. from the Carlson School of Management at the University of Minnesota. He is also a graduate of INCAE. Professor Rodriguez is the Director of the Master in Analytics, Innovation and Technology (MAIT) program at INCAE.
He also serves as a consultant to companies in Latin America and has been a guest lecturer at the University of Minnesota, Webster University in St. Louis, and has lectured and taught at universities throughout Latin America. His main academic interests focus on the topics of Value Creation, Risk Management and Accounting Systems Analysis and how companies structure and manage these topics in the age of analytics.
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He currently serves as an assistant professor at INCAE in the following courses: Financial and Managerial Accounting, Control and Budgeting and Applied Research.
He also conducts refresher seminars in the area of Executive Training, and is Director of the Research Center at INCAE.
Among his other activities, Prof. Rodriguez is a consultant to companies in the Central American region, a member of the American Accounting Association and an advisor to the Costa Rican Government in the areas of fraud and manipulation of accounting figures.


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Associate Professor at INCAE Business School, specializing in competitive strategy, corporate strategy and organizational change. His academic career distinguishes two lines of research: one related to the evolution and reconfiguration of global value chains and the other that seeks to understand how differences in organizational configuration, structure and management systems in Latin American environments affect firm performance. His teaching areas include: business strategy, corporate strategy, change management and organizational transformation.
His academic research has received several international awards, such as the Gunnar Hedlund Prize (2016), awarded by the Stockholm School of Economics for the Best Doctoral Thesis in International Business, the Global Strategy Research Award (2020) by the European International Business Academy, recognizing his work in global strategy and the IM Douglas Nigh Award (2020), awarded by the International Management Division of the Academy of Management. He has published his research in renowned academic journals such as: the Global Strategy Journal, the Journal of Business Research, Corporate Governance, among others.
Professor Rodriguez has been recognized for his teaching excellence and has won the award for the best teacher in the full-time MBA program in 2019 and 2020. As a consultant, he has worked with firms from Mexico to Panama in areas of strategic planning, corporate strategy, cultural change management, organizational design and transformation.
D. from McGill University, Canada. A graduate with distinction in Business Administration from INCAE Business School, prior to his academic career, he worked as a project manager at Procter and Gamble for five years.
He was a visiting scholar at Duke University. During high school he won a gold medal in the Costa Rican Mathematics Olympiad (1994) and took first place in the team competition in the Iberoamerican Mathematics Olympiad (Brazil, 1995).
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As an academic, he has two lines of research, one related to the evolution and reconfiguration of global value chains and another that seeks to understand how differences in organizational configuration, structure and management systems in Latin American environments affect firm performance.
As a consultant, he has worked with firms from Mexico to Panama in the areas of strategic planning, corporate strategy, culture change and organizational design. Before returning to INCAE, he was a visiting scholar at Duke University. Prior to his academic career, he was a project manager at Procter and Gamble for five years.
During high school he won a gold medal in the Costa Rican Mathematics Olympiad (1994) and first place in the team competition in the Ibero-American Mathematics Olympiad (Brazil, 1995).


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Alberto Trejos received his Ph.D. in economics from the University of Pennsylvania. As an academic, he has been a faculty member at Northwestern University and INCAE, where he also served as Dean and as director of the Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development. He has been a visiting scholar at the University of Michigan, the Institut d'Anàlisi Econòmica de Barcelona, the University of California and the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States. He has published extensively in both academic journals and practitioner media, especially in monetary theory, macroeconomics, international trade and development.
He is currently the president of Grupo Cuestamoras, and for two decades has been part of the governance (in Costa Rica and regionally) of the financial group BAC-Credomatic. He is a partner of the consulting firms CEFSA and DRP, and has provided his services to governments, international organizations and companies in 60 countries, mainly in the Americas, Europe and Africa.
In Costa Rica he was minister of foreign trade, a position from which he led the negotiation of CAFTA. He was one of the original members of the Financial System Supervisory Council and, for almost a decade, president of CINDE, the agency for attracting foreign direct investment. He participated in the design and negotiation of the Worker Protection Law, which constituted the integral reform of the pension system.
He has been a founding director of the Brenthurst Foundation in South Africa, the Democracy Lab and the advisory board of the New York University School of Public Health. He also chaired the Arias Foundation for Peace and Democracy. He has been a judge in international disputes before the World Trade Organization.
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Alberto Trejos received his Ph.D. in economics with honors from the University of Pennsylvania in 1994. He has been a faculty member at Northwestern University, and a visiting professor at the University of Michigan and the Institut d Analisi Economica de Barcelona.
At INCAE he has served as dean and director of his think-tank, the Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development. His academic work focuses on monetary economics, macroeconomics, international economics and development.
In public policy, he served as Costa Rica's Minister of Foreign Trade, during which time he led the negotiation of CAFTA. He has also been president of CINDE, the investment attraction office, and a member of the National Council of Supervision of the Financial System. He participated in the design and negotiation of the pension system reform.
In private practice, he is a partner at CEFSA, the leading macroeconomic consulting firm in his country. He is a member of the board of directors of several important companies in Costa Rica, including the bank BAC San José, Corporación Cuestamoras, the newspaper El Financiero and the distributor DIPO.
Internationally, he has been a consultant and expert for governments, international organizations and companies in 50 countries in Latin America, Europe and Africa. He is a director of the Brenthurst Foundation in South Africa. He directs the International Council on the Economy for the President of Malawi, and is a member of the Board of International Advisors for the President of Mozambique.
The duration of MBA programs varies according to the modality:
Our master's degrees require from 3 years of experience, with the exception of the Master in Analytics, Innovation and Technology (MAIT), which admits recent graduates.
The cost of a master's degree ranges from US$40,000 to US$59,800. The investment is subject to the modality, duration and language of the program.
An Executive MBA is designed for professionals with extensive work experience (managerial or executive) and is conducted on a part-time basis. A traditional full-time MBA is generally aimed at students at earlier stages of their careers or who are looking for an immersive academic experience.
With our full-time MBA, students can choose concentrations in areas such as finance, marketing, operations, sustainability or entrepreneurship. Prospective students should review the options available.
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