President and founder of Roberto Artavia International Consulting; President of Viva Trust, the largest productive-philanthropic trust serving Latin America and of Viva Idea Foundation, an organization for knowledge management in strategy, leadership, social responsibility and sustainable development.

He is chairman of the Board of Directors of INCAE Business School; chairs the Board of Directors of Fundación Marviva; the Board of Directors of Mapfre in Costa Rica and the Board of Directors of Fundación Victoria in Nicaragua.

He is the author of several books and academic articles focused on development measurement, sustainable development, regional integration, competitive strategy, corporate governance, social responsibility and agribusiness. He was a columnist for El Financiero for more than 10 years.

D. from Harvard Business School (1992); MBA from INCAE Business School (1982) and Naval Mechanical Engineer from United States Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point (1980). Married to Marcella Cuadra Miranda for 39 years, he has 3 children and four grandchildren. He resides in Costa Rica.

Articles

Zúñiga, R. (Roy); Artavia, R. (Roberto) (2024). Why invest in Central America / Roy Zúñiga and Roberto Artavia. Costa Rica:, 17 pages.

Roberto Artavia is a Director of Industrias Cerveceras Centroamericanas, S.A. and his company Compañía Cervecera de Nicaragua, as well as Chairman of the Audit and Risk Committee of Corporación Castillo Hermanos in Guatemala; he is also a member of the boards of directors of Fundación Saprissa, Fundación Gente, Club de Investigación Tecnológica, and Asociación Horizonte Positivo, among others. He was Director of Copa Airlines, where he also chaired the Audit Committee and was a member of its Governance Committee; and was Director and Chairman of the Audit Committee of the World Resources Institute in Washington, D.C.; he was also Director and member of the Boards of Directors of Diebold, Inc. in the United States and Masisa, S.A. in Chile, as well as member of their respective Audit and Risk Committees; both companies are listed on the stock exchange of their respective countries.

Former Rector of INCAE Business School, Founding Director of the Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development; and in the past was Vice President of CINDE, Costa Rica's investment promotion agency. He was Founder and Vice President of the Social Progress Imperative, the organization that publishes the Social Progress Index worldwide.

He has served as advisor and consultant to dozens of non-profit organizations including Fundación Acción Joven in Costa Rica; Fundación Paraguaya, FUNDESA in Guatemala, the Institute for Liberty and Democracy in Peru; FUSADES in El Salvador; UCCAEP in Costa Rica; the Panama Canal Authority and the Panama Transparency Commission (Panama Papers Commission); FIDE and COHEP in Honduras; Fedepricap at the Central American regional level, and ORREDES in Northwest Argentina, among many others. He was an advisor to the Costa Rican Tourism Institute and the National Chamber of Tourism in the formulation and deployment of Costa Rica's national tourism strategy for more than 20 years; he has advised the Government of Paraguay, especially its Secretariat of Planning and the Ministries of Economy and Commerce, Finance and Labor, Employment and Social Security in the articulation and deployment of the National Development Plan 2030.

He has been a consultant to governments and integration organizations in Central America, Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, and Thailand) on competitiveness and development issues; and to several Latin American governments on competitive strategy, innovation, tourism, and/or investment attraction.

In the business field he has been a consultant to companies in all nations of the Central American region and several in South America, including CODACA-Grupo Hino, Grupo Pellas in Nicaragua, Grupo Condor in Paraguay, Purdy Motor, Grupo Nación, Alimentos Pro-Salud, Mercado de Valores de Costa Rica, ILG Logistics, America Free Trade Zone, Auto Mercado, Zona Franca del Coyol, Garnier&Garnier, and many others.

Central American born in El Salvador, she has a Bachelor's Degree in Legal Sciences from Universidad Dr. José Matías Delgado, a Master's Degree in Business Administration from INCAE and a Postgraduate Degree in Sustainable Business from the University of Cambridge. She studied French language in Switzerland and French civilization at the Sorbonne, Paris.

She has a distinguished career in the public sector as Minister of Foreign Affairs (1999-2004). She was also a member of the Board of Directors of the Salvadoran Social Security Institute in 1994 and of the Social Investment Fund in 1995, as well as the Council for Quality Education and the Literacy Triennium.

In the private sector it is important to highlight her active participation for 6 years as Member of the Board of Directors of Banco Salvadoreño (1993-1999), first woman President of an insurance company by leading the Board of Directors of Internacional de Seguros (1996-1999). On August 11, 2004, she assumed the Presidency of Banco Salvadoreño, becoming the first woman President in Private Banking in the country.

In December 2006, while at HSBC, she was ratified as Executive President of the institution. In 2007 she took on the challenge of introducing a new direction in Latin America as HSBC's Regional Director of Corporate Sustainability. Today she is a member of several Boards such as the Stock Exchange, Davivienda El Salvador and Davivienda Honduras.

In the social sector she has been a member and leader of lawyers associations and institutions dedicated to social work, such as the Foundation for the Development of Salvadoran Women and Patronato del Hogar del Niño, she is the first woman member in Central America of the Young Presidents Organization, and Director of FEPADE in 1997. In September 2006 she was elected to the Board of Trustees of the International Board of the Zamorano Agricultural School in Honduras.

She is also a member of the Board of Directors of INCAE, PLAN International and Junior Achievement worldwide, as well as a Commissioner of the International Commission on Missing Persons.

Among many awards, in September 2006, she received from the University Dr. José Matías Delgado, the award as Distinguished Professional of the year and in January 2007 she received the Golden Palm, the highest award granted by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of El Salvador. In 2019 she was appointed Honorary Member of FUSADES.

Mayu has been married for over 41 years, mother of three children and grandmother of three grandchildren.

Allan Fisher is a higher education consultant, executive and entrepreneur. He currently serves as Senior Director, Academics for Emeritus, a global online enablement company working with elite universities in the United States and Europe. Previously he worked with Laureate International Universities, a network of 75 institutions and one million students, in responsibilities combining academic roles and business experience: SVP Student Success, Chief Academic Officer for Australia, Asia and the Middle East, Vice Chancellor of INTI International University in Malaysia, and SVP for Product Strategy & Development. In these roles, he drove retention and career. results across the network, led the growth of program portfolios and product development capabilities for Laureate's online business, led corporate online strategy efforts, and worked with campus-based institutions to improve their academic strategies, program portfolios, and leadership. He worked in Baltimore, Kuala Lumpur, and Singapore.

Promoter and Executive Director of the Premium and Prestige Market Observatory at IE Business School.
She teaches the elective course "Fashion, Luxury and Creative Venture Entrepreneurship" for IE's IMBA students, and is a mentor in IE's International Mentoring program, as well as a member of the IE University Advisory Board. She has more than 18 years of experience in the luxury industry. She has had executive responsibility in this sector, in addition to successfully advising luxury companies in their strategic development and brand building. In 2010 she founded Megamcapital, and has been President of the French brand Le Chameau. She led the acquisition (MBI) of Carrera y Carrera, in 1999, and was CEO of this company until 2006. She holds a degree in Industrial Engineering from ICAI, Universidad Pontificia de Comillas, and an MBA from Harvard Business School. She is a member of the International Board of Oceana, an environmental organization dedicated to marine conservation, and a member of the European Council of the Young Presidents Organization, the Center for the Study of Sustainable Luxury and the Board of Trustees of the Foundation for Diversity. She is the author of "Secrets of Luxury" (2009) and director and co-author of the "Dictionary of Luxury and Responsibility", has written the foreword to the report "Uplifting the earth" on the jewelry industry. She was awarded Best Female Executive in Spain in 2004.

D. in Economics from Harvard University. She is director of the Institute of the Americas in Miami and professor at the Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami.
the University of Miami. She is also a research professor at the National Institute of Public Health and a senior economist and director of the Universality and Competitiveness in Health program at the Mexican Health Foundation.

Her work has been recognized in The Lancet, Science, WHO Bulletin, Newsweek en Español, and Cancer Today. She also chairs the Latin American Union against Women's Cancer (2016-2017).

Tina Nabatchi is the Joseph A. Strasser Professor of Public Administration and Professor of Public Administration and International Affairs at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University, where she also serves as Director of the Program for the Advancement of Research on Conflict and Collaboration (PARCC). An elected Fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration, Dr. Nabatchi's research focuses on collaborative governance, citizen engagement, conflict resolution, and challenges in public administration. Dr. Nabatchi has won several university, national and international awards for her research and teaching. She holds a B.A. from American University, an MPA from the University of Vermont and a Ph.D. from Indiana University.

She joined Talengo (then Norman Broadbent) to found the company in Spain, becoming General Manager and Director. In 2004, she was appointed Chief Operating Officer and a year later CEO of the company globally, as well as Director of the listed group to which the company then belonged. In 2007, she led the Management Buy-out of the business in Iberia and Latin America, becoming President of the firm now known as Talengo.

Krista specializes in the search for senior executives and Board Members within the Services, Industry, Construction and Infrastructure sectors in Iberia and Latin America.

She is the worldwide president of the Association of Executive Search Consultants (AESC, based in New York), to which she has belonged since 2010.

Krista holds a B.A. in Spanish Philology from The George Washington University (Washington D.C.), Master of Arts from Middlebury College (Vermont), Master of Business Administration, Organizational Development, from the University of Maryland, Master Coach accredited by AECOP and Senior Management Coach from the Institute of Human Development (UK).

Krista is recognized by several international media and organizations as one of the 100 most important businesswomen in Ibero-America. She is a regular speaker on Leadership and Corporate Governance.

Rose Wang is a serial technology entrepreneur. She is the founder of Binary Group, an IT consulting firm that provides enterprise solutions. She spearheaded the company's growth in a highly competitive market and built a multidisciplinary team of experienced industry leaders and former government representatives. Fortune recognized her in 2013 as one of the "Most Powerful Women Entrepreneurs" that year. In its 18-year history, the firm was recognized many times for the exceptional results they deliver to their clients, in 2015 and 2016, she sold the firm in back-to-back transactions. She is highly respected as an IT strategist and entrepreneur. Early in her career, she was a core member of the engineering team at Lighthouse Design, a Silicon Valley software company that built tools for developers and end users. After a successful acquisition of Lighthouse by Sun Microsystems she launched a boutique consultancy, Rent-A-CTO, securing contracts with Fortune 500 companies including MCI, Fannie Mae and Sprint. She joined the startup backed InLine Software as Chief Architect, a leader in enterprise software product development. She also founded an online women's business community, iBizWomen.com. She is a thought leader in innovation, management consulting, strategic marketing, business development, business scaling and public procurement policy. She is an Entrepreneur-in-Residence at George Washington University. She has served two terms on the National Women's Business Council, a non-partisan federal advisory council created to serve as an independent source of advice to the President, Congress and the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) organization on economic issues of importance to women entrepreneurs. She also serves as a trustee of Excelsior College. She holds two international MBAs from Georgetown University and ESADE (Spain) respectively and a Master's degree in Computer Science from the University of Houston.

Communication & Institutional Brand Manager at INCAE Business School. Master in Marketing & Digital Transformation by INCAE Business School; Master in Digital Business Management by the University of Barcelona; and Industrial Designer by the Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (TEC).

With more than 30 years of experience, he has led projects in communication, branding, UX-experience, e-learning and blended learning, information architecture, product design, architectural design, graphic design, among others.

https://independent.academia.edu/AndresFernandez06

Senior Researcher and IPS Project Director of the Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development (CLACDS) of the INCAE Business School, and expert in methodology of The Social Progress Imperative, where he participates in the design and implementation of the sub-national projects of the Social Progress Network. Lecturer in methodological trainings for the measurement of Social Progress held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the INCAE and the What Works in Social Progress 2017 conference in Iceland. Economist from the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM), with two master's degrees from the London School of Economics (LSE), in Social Policy, and Population and Development.

He has worked in the Mexican Ministry of Finance, central banking, academia and the financial sector. Recently I have developed projects for civil society applying digital tools and data sources in order to incorporate to the traditional economic and social analysis the new technologies that are currently redefining the individual, society, government and markets. He has published different papers on human development and migration, institutional transparency, open data and governance; in addition to participating as an economic analyst in different media in the region, in events and conferences such as TEDx Pura Vida 2016, TEDx INTEL 2016, and TEDx INCAE 2017. He is currently collaboratively designing, together with experts in innovation and Costa Rican social entrepreneurship, an innovation platform for the Costa Rican social entrepreneurship ecosystem using the Social Progress Index as a tool for diagnosis and social impact; in order to encourage disruptive interventions with sustainable business models to generate inclusive growth in the most disadvantaged regions of the country.

Research papers
Prado, A. M. (Andrea M.); Arce, R. (Ronald); López, L. (Luis Eduardo); García, J. (Jaime); Pearson, A. (Andy A.) (2024). Simulations versus case studies: effectively teaching the premises of sustainable development in the classroom . Berlin :. Berlin : Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Place of work: The Social Progress Imperative
From: 2014 To: 2015
Position: Senior Methodologist
Description: Design and development of Social Progress initiatives at sub-national level; mainly in Brazil, Paraguay, Chile, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Peru, Bolivia, El Salvador and Panama, in Latin America; and the states of Michigan and Massachusetts in the United States. Development of technical and methodological workshops on the Social Progress model. Collaborated in the development of the methodology for measuring Social Progress at the municipal, city, community and household levels. Participated in the global launches of the Social Progress Index 2014 and 2015, the Skoll World Forum and the Atlantic Council 2015.

Place of work: ETHOS/USAID
From: 2012 To: 2013
Position: Researcher
Description: Quantitative and qualitative analysis to assess the impact of tax incentives on the country's productivity and competitiveness. The proposed methodology consisted of an impact evaluation, using a Propensity Matching Score model, a cost-benefit analysis; and a qualitative analysis. The data used for the evaluations came from a national business survey, which I helped to elaborate and process. Participate in the design of the project's communication strategies, through online visualizations, interactive maps and social media dissemination.

Place of work: CREA Mas
From: 2011 To: 2012
Position: Consultant
Description: Design of statistical indicators and econometric techniques to evaluate social interventions. In addition to developing interactive maps at the local level for the organization and administration of interventions, according to the social and economic characteristics of its beneficiaries, in order to evaluate and measure the operational strategies of the NGO.

Place of work: Ministry of Finance and Credit
From: 2007 To: 2009
Position: Deputy Director of Projects of the Investment Unit
Description: Research and propose new evaluation methodologies for investment projects. Coordinate the liaison between the entities and the Unit to guarantee the methodological compliance of the cost-benefit evaluations according to the current regulations. Evaluating and sanctioning more than 200 infrastructure projects in different areas, such as hospitals, clinics, highways, schools, natural reserves, conservation areas, satellite infrastructure, military equipment, oil installations, among others, with an approximate value of 10,000 million dollars. I participated in the consolidation and compilation of Volume VII of the Federal Expenditure Budget during two budget cycles.

Place of Work: Banco de México
From: 2006 To: 2007
Position: Economist
Description: Manage and update the labor market and productivity databases of the bank's website. Performed literature reviews to propose quantitative methodologies to improve the country's productivity measurements. In addition, he was in charge of the economic situation reports for the bank's Board of Governors, specifically on issues related to inflation, productivity and labor market dynamics.

Professor Camelia Ilie Cardoza is a leader with more than 30 years of experience in strategy, innovation, and financial management in organizations in Europe, Latin America, and the United States of America. Before her appointment as President of INCAE Business School, a leading business school in Latin America, she was Dean of Strategy and Institutional Affairs, Dean of Executive Education and Strategic Innovation, Chair of the Leadership Center, and full-time professor at INCAE.

During the last decade, INCAE's Executive Education area has been positioned in the Top 25 of the Financial Times world ranking. Likewise, in alliance with Emeritus, she led the creation of INCAE Online, an online education start-up. Over 6,500 participants from 15 countries attend the programs of INCAE each year.

As a professor of Corporate Governance, she leads programs that help presidents, CEOs, and board members improve their governance systems and manage digital transformation and innovation. She has also taught programs and advised multinational corporations such as Banco Santander, PWC, Inter-American Development Bank, Bankinter, Telefónica, Iberia, Maersk, and Copa Airlines.

She was trained as an engineer and obtained a doctorate in business administration at the University of Comillas. She has worked at IE Business School and ESADE Business School in Spain. She was a research fellow at the Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies at Harvard University and regularly writes in the column "Perspectives in time of change" in the Harvard Review for Latin America.

Dr. Ilie researches corporate governance, higher education, business school models, MBA programs, female entrepreneurship, and leadership. She was recognized as one of the 12 most influential women in business education by BlueSky Thinking. She received the Woman of the Decade award in Education and Leadership in Latin America from the Women's Economic Forum and is listed by Forbes magazine as the 100 most powerful women in Central America and the Caribbean.

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Gabriela Lucke studied Business Administration at the Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, where she later obtained a Master's Degree in Project Management, graduating Summa Cum Laude. In 2022, she graduated from the Senior Management program at INCAE, joining the Incaísta community.

He worked as a Commercial Specialist for the trade department of the U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica. During her 10 years at the Embassy, she advised over 1000 companies, an experience that allowed her to interact with a variety of people, from ministers to general managers to college students. At the Embassy, Gabriela discovered her passion for the education sector while developing the business strategy to promote higher education opportunities in the U.S., which motivated her to move into the education industry.

In October 2017, she began her work as Director of the Center for Inclusive and Sustainable Leadership (CELIS), where she has been responsible for the implementation of the strategy to promote gender equality at executive levels and in the entrepreneurship sector. She led three editions of the LEADS Mujer by Mastercard and INCAE program and one edition of LEADS Academy for Women together with Banco Industrial, all aimed at women business owners who wish to grow their businesses, thus impacting more than 500 women.

It currently leads two programs: LEADS Academy for Women together with Coope Ande and Banco Industrial, for 40 Costa Rican and 40 Central American businesswomen, respectively; and Mujeres Progresando EMPRO, for 80 Guatemalan women.

Additionally, she has mentored more than 120 women in the program, both in the process of personal empowerment and in the development of business growth plans. She has led several research projects with a gender focus, targeting women entrepreneurs and professional millennial women. As Director, she has been responsible for the execution of the annual conferences held by the Center to raise awareness on gender equity issues and the advancement of women to leadership positions.

She strongly believes that education is the best tool for social and economic mobility of people. In her free time, she loves to walk her dog, swim and spend as much time as possible at the beach.

Dr. Jorge Vinicio Murillo specializes in the areas of Entrepreneurship and Strategy. His research focuses on the development of entrepreneurial ecosystems, early stage resource acquisition and corporate entrepreneurship.

Dr. Murillo has vast experience as an academic, consultant and as a project and program manager. As an academic, he has been linked to INCAE Business School and EARTH University for more than fifteen years as a professor, impact center director, project manager and senior researcher. Dr. Murillo was the co-founder and executive director of the Latin American Center for Entrepreneurship (LACE) at INCAE Business School and the executive coordinator of the research unit at EARTH University.

He has several publications on entrepreneurship and competitiveness and is currently associated as a researcher at the ESADE Entrepreneurship Institute (EEI) in Barcelona. As a consultant, he has led strategic thinking processes for entrepreneurs, private companies, sector organizations, business associations and public institutions in Latin America. He has also managed projects financed with funds from the U.S. government and multilateral agencies.

He earned his Ph.D. in Business Administration with an emphasis in Entrepreneurship from ESADE Business School in Barcelona, Spain. During his doctorate he studied the phenomenon of incubators and business accelerators and his dissertation obtained the highest grade that ESADE awards to a doctoral thesis. In addition, with the support of a Fulbright scholarship, he completed a Master's degree in Entrepreneurship at the University of Florida, where he graduated with high distinction. He also holds an MBA from INCAE with a specialization in Sustainable Development and a Grade in Food Engineering with honors from the University of Costa Rica, where he entered with the second best national average in the 1993 entrance exam. Dr. Murillo also received training in business research at Harvard University.

Place of work: INCAE Business School.
From: Jan 2023 To: Present
Position: Research Associate
Description: Researcher at INCAE Business School on entrepreneurship.

Place of work: INCAE Business School
From: Jun 2015 To: September 2017
Position: Co-founder and Director of the Latin American Center for Entrepreneurs.
Description: Co-designed the Center in its initial phase and coordinated its administration, conducted research on entrepreneurship topics.

Place of work: INCAE Business School.
From: August 2012 Until: June 2014
Position: Researcher - Project Manager
Description: Was in charge of different research projects on topics such as corporate social responsibility, citizen security, fight against poverty, competitiveness and sustainable development. Coordinated several projects involving civil society, private sector, multilateral agencies and government institutions.

Place of work: EARTH University
From: September 2003 To: June 2014
Position: Professor
Description: Taught courses in Entrepreneurship and Strategic Management.

Place of work: EARTH University
From: December, 2004 To: July 2006
Position: Research Unit Administrative Coordinator
Description: Coordinated the administration of different research projects funded by the U.S. government.

Place of work: Inter-American Development Bank - INCAE
From: August, 2006 To: July 2008
Position: Consultant
Description: Was in charge of the research component of the Project Alianzas como una Estrategia para Mejorar la Competitividad de las Pequeñas Empresas en América Central y República Dominicana.

Place of work: EARTH University
From: January, 1999 To: August 2001
Position: Food Processing Laboratory Administrator
Description: Was in charge of the activities of production of processed foods and the commercialization of the same carried out by EARTH University, as well as the preparation of courses related to the areas of Food Processing.

She is Dominican with more than 14 years of management experience. In 2013, she joined INCAE coordinating the financial processes for Executive Education from Costa Rica. She is currently the Director of Strategy and Business Operations at INCAE for Executive Education and the Center for Collaborative and Women's Leadership. She has contributed to the establishment of indicators to measure the execution of the strategy at a global level. Haydée has successfully managed relationships with key clients and partners. Prior to joining INCAE, she worked as Quality Manager in a business process outsourcing company in the Dominican Republic.

He holds an MBA from INCAE and a Bachelor's degree in Tourism and Hospitality Business Administration. She has dedicated her career to creating impact through measuring and improving experience delivery processes with a customer-centric approach. His leadership approach promotes business ethics and team achievement.

He is an Associate Professor of Technology and Innovation Management at INCAE Business School, has directed the Executive Masters in Marketing and Digital Transformation, and currently directs the Specialization in Artificial Intelligence for Digital Business.

He is the author of more than 200 managerial and academic works related to the adoption of technological innovations and business intelligence. He is also a pioneer in the incorporation and adoption of Generative Artificial Intelligence tools in the teaching of the case method and critical thinking.

Dr. Barahona has extensive experience advising and training business and government leaders in more than 20 countries. Through the corporate programs of INCAE and the firm Sociométrika, he has contributed with local and global companies in the identification and solution of complex problems, based on a design approach, data analysis and "People Analytics".

He earned an MBA with an emphasis in Banking and Finance from INCAE and a Ph.D. Media, Arts, and Sciences from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab. His thesis "Diffusion of ideas, practices, and artifacts: network effects on collective outcomes" was guided by Alex (Sandy) Pentland, declared by FORBES as one of the "7 most powerful data scientists in the world".

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Juan Carlos Barahona is an associate professor at INCAE Business School. His general academic interest is on the role of digital technologies and social structures in the diffusion of ideas, behaviors and artifacts.

He was a member of the Human Dynamics Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Media Lab. The scientific research group led by Prof. Alex (Sandy) Pentland, one of the most cited computer scientists and considered by Newsweek magazine as one of the 100 most influential people on the planet.

Before joining MIT, he was Deputy Director of the Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development at INCAE, and consultant to the World Bank for the development of the strategy and business plan for the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor, and on issues related to education.

In the late 1990s, he led the research team that developed the conceptual model and facilitated the reform process of the five Central American customs offices, as part of a joint action-research initiative on trade logistics by the Harvard Center for International Development, Harvard Business School's Center for Strategy and Competition and INCAE.

Prof. Barahona has served as a consultant to companies and governments in several Latin American countries in the fields of strategy and organization. He is co-author of Costa Rica's education policy and one of the pioneers in digital government in Costa Rica. He is the author of business case studies, articles, books and book chapters on sustainable development, customs reform, trade logistics, information technologies for development and social network analysis. Before opting for an academic career, he was an entrepreneur and founder of a software company and a business consulting firm.

He currently complements his academic work by advising companies as a consultant or as a member of their board of directors.

Prior to joining INCAE Business School as an Associate Professor, Silke Verena Bucher gained international experience working in different countries including Germany, France, Switzerland, Canada and Costa Rica. She is a post-doctoral fellow in the Chair of Strategic Management in Pluralistic Environments at HEC Montréal, Canada, and obtained her Ph.D. from the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland.

She worked as a team leader and expert consultant for organizational culture at McKinsey & Company, and as an internal consultant at Gardena International, Germany, with a focus on process improvement.

Until now, his research has focused on organizational change and collaboration among groups with a particular interest in the health sector. She did longitudinal studies on change initiatives in hospitals, and worked as a coach for interprofessional teams. Her motivation is to make organizations increasingly better places to work, with the ability to deliver sustainable excellence in services, products or impact for society more broadly. His work has been published, among others, in Organization Science and Organization Studies.

Professor María Elena Carballo, a native of Costa Rica, earned a Ph.D. in Literary Studies and an M.A., both from Brandeis University in the United States. Her dissertation was on García Márquez's "The Autumn of the Patriarch" and the Spanish-American novel of the dictatorship.

Prior to joining INCAE, she was a Fulbright-LASPAU scholar for three years and a Hirschfeld Fellow at Brandeis University for two consecutive years. Her book "La Casa Paterna", which she co-authored, won the 1993 national essay prize in Costa Rica.

At INCAE, in the master's degree programs, he teaches courses in the areas of humanities and communication.

Professor María Elena Carballo, a native of Costa Rica, earned a Ph.D. in Literary Studies and an M.A., both from Brandeis University in the United States. Her dissertation was on García Márquez's "The Autumn of the Patriarch" and the Spanish-American novel of the dictatorship.

Prior to joining INCAE, she was a Fulbright-LASPAU scholar for three years and a Hirschfeld Fellow at Brandeis University for two consecutive years. Her book "La Casa Paterna", which she co-authored, won the 1993 national essay prize in Costa Rica.

As an assistant professor at INCAE in the master's degree programs, she teaches courses in the humanities and communication areas at the Costa Rica campus.

Guillermo Cardoza has been a full-time professor of Innovation and Change Management at INCAE Business School since 2013. He has developed his career in teaching, research, management of academic institutions and business consulting in the United States, Europe and Latin America and is the author of books and numerous academic publications.

Since 1988 he has been advising several governments in the region (Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela and several Caribbean countries) and has worked as a teacher and consultant for various international organizations and multinational companies such as the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), Scientific and Cultural Organization (Orcyt, Cresalc), The Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), Committee on Science and Technology for Developing Countries (COSTED), Association of Caribbean States (ACS-AEC), UNESCO, Adidas, E&Y, Pfizer, P&G, Roche Pharma, Abbott, Grupo Santander, 3M, Nestlé, Cargill, Telefónica, Banesto, La Caixa, BUPA-Sanitas and Walmart.

During his tenure as Executive Director of the Latin American Academy of Sciences - ACAL (1987-1996), Professor Cardoza created and directed the Center for Science Studies. At IE Business School (Madrid), where he was associated as professor of Management of Innovation and Competitiveness in emerging economies, he was director for thirteen years and a member of its steering committee; and created the Euro-Latin American Center, responsible for the internationalization of the school in Latin America and for research on the internationalization of emerging market companies. In 2000 he co-founded the Sumaq Alliance, formed by IE Business School together with seven of the most prestigious business schools in Latin America.

He holds three master's degrees: in Latin American Studies, in International Relations and in Management. From 1981 to 1982 he was Process and Planning Engineer at 3M Colombia and Chief Laboratory Engineer at IMA S.A., Bogota, Colombia.

He has been a research fellow in Innovation, Competitiveness and Economic Development in Emerging Markets at Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government, BCSIA - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Cambridge, MA. In addition, he has postdoctoral training in System Dynamics at MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA.

He has taught International Economics and Technological Development, with a master's degree in International Economics from the Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela (1991-1996) and has done management consulting at Marino Recio y Asociados Caracas, Venezuela (1988-1992).

He holds a Ph.D. in Economics and Development, International Relations and Business Management from the Sorbonne University (Paris I and Paris III) and a degree in Chemical Engineering from the National University of Colombia. He has been a research fellow at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University in innovation and competitiveness (1996-2000) and a postdoctoral student at the Sloan School of Management - MIT in System Dynamics. He was also a Visiting Scholar at DRCLAS - Harvard University and the Sloan School of Management - MIT (2019).

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2019 Visiting Scholar, DRCLAS - Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.

2019 Visiting Scholar, MIT - Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA.

2013-Pres. Full Professor of Innovation and Change Management, INCAE Business School, Alajuela, Costa Rica.

1999-2012 Professor on Management of Innovation and Competitiveness in emerging economies, IE Business School, Madrid, Spain.

2000 Co-founder of SUMAQ, Ibero-American Business School Network, Madrid, Spain.

1999-2009 Founder and Director, Euro-Latin America Center, IE Business School, Madrid, Spain.

1999-2003 Member, IE Business School's Direction Committee, Madrid, Spain.

1988-1996 Founded and conducted research on public policies at the ACAL - Center for Information and Science Studies, Caracas, Venezuela.

1987-1996 Executive Director, Latin America Academy of Sciences (ACAL), Caracas, Venezuela.

1996-1999 Research Fellow in Innovation, Competitiveness and Economic Development in Emerging Markets, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government, BCSIA - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Cambridge, MA.

1997-1998 Postdoctoral training in Systems Dynamics, MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA.

1991-1996 Professor of International Economics and Technological Development, Master in International Economics, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.

1993-1996 Researcher on technological innovation and economic growth, Latin America Center for Information and Science Studies (CIEC-ACAL), Caracas, Venezuela.

1988-1992 Management Consulting, Marino Recio y Asociados, Caracas, Venezuela.

1985-1994 Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris III and Paris I, Paris, France.

• Ph.D. in Economics and Development. Dissertation: Economic restructuring in Latin America: towards a new role in the global economy.
• Master in Latin American Studies (DEA)
• Master in International Relations (DESUP)
• Master in Management (DESS)

1981-1982 Process and Planning Engineer, 3M Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. 1981 Laboratory Chief Engineer, IMA S.A., Bogotá, Colombia.

1974-1981 Chemical Engineer, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.

1988-pres. Advisor to Latin American governments (Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela and several Caribbean countries).

1990-pres. Training and consulting for International Organizations and Multinational Corporations: IDB-Interamerican Development Bank, UNESCO -United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Orcyt, Cresalc), TWAS - The Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), ICSU/COSTED - International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), Committee on Science and Technology for Developing Countries (COSTED), Association of Caribbean States (ACS-AEC), Adidas, E&Y, IBM, Pfizer, P&G, Roche Pharma, Abbot, Grupo Santander, 3M, Nestlé, Cargill, Telefónica, Banesto, La Caixa, BUPA-Sanitas and Walmart.

1990-Pres. Researcher and Guest Lecturer at several universities and international organizations:

Harvard University (Cambridge, MA), MIT- Sloan School of Management (Cambridge, MA), Babson College (Waltham, MA), TWAS - Third World Academy of Sciences (Trieste), INASP (London), UNESCO (Paris), Association of Caribbean States (Port of Spain), Instituto Brasileiro de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (Brasilia), Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (Brasilia), Institut des Hautes Etudes de l'Amérique Latine, Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle-Paris III, Maison de l'Amérique Latine (Paris), Universidad Central de Venezuela (Caracas), Universidad Metropolitana (Caracas), Universidad del Norte (Barranquilla), Procter and Gamble (Caracas), Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogota), Universidad de la Asunción (Asunción), Universidad de los Andes (Bogota), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Minas Gerais (Belo Horizonte), SPAE-SPOL (Guayaquil).

Master Certified Coach, the highest qualification awarded by the International Coach Federation, Coach certified by Columbia University. Founder and board member of the Xaley Foundation for children in difficult situations in Senegal.

She has 23 years of professional experience, 4 of them living in the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean and Africa, developing negotiation tasks at the highest political and business level. In Spain she has held several management positions, the last one as general manager of Viajar.com. In 2002 she updated her training and reoriented her career towards executive coaching and teaching.

In 2004 she founded her company, People Motion, Consultoría para la Adversidad, a firm specialized in executive coaching and focused, above all, on supporting women managers. She has worked with many of the Spanish IBEX 35 companies, with multinationals established in Spain and with companies in South America and Brazil. A few years later, with a new partner, she expanded her portfolio to provide public communication advice to politicians and executives.

Since 2005 she has been collaborating with Esade Business School as a professor of leadership and communication and academic director of several Executive MBA, Executive Education and Corporate programs. Since 2012 she is also professor and academic director of several Open/Custom programs of INCAE taught in several Latin American countries.

Carla Fernández Corrales is the Senior Director of Executive Education & INCAE Online and is an Assistant Professor at INCAE Business School. She earned her Ph.D. in Business Administration with a concentration in Information Systems from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In addition, she obtained a Grade in Industrial Engineering and an M.S. in Computer Science with honors, both from the University of Costa Rica. She was awarded a Fulbright scholarship from the U.S. Department of State.

Dr. Fernández Corrales' research focuses on the study of technology management and innovation using machine learning methods. Her teaching and consulting interests focus on the strategic use of information technologies, data science and agile methodologies.

As a consultant, lecturer and TEDx speaker, Professor Fernández Corrales stands out for her ability to communicate highly specialized knowledge about technology to non-technical audiences, establishing connections with the value proposition, strategy and risk analysis in organizations.

Passionate about innovation and the digital transformation of higher education, she has also served in various academic leadership positions, including Director of Educational Technologies (METICS) at the University of Costa Rica, Director of Learning Innovation at INCAE Executive Education and Academic Director of the MBA programs at INCAE Business School.

Margaret Rose Grigsby is a distinguished Professor of Leadership and Marketing and the President of Brainpower Latin America. As an Executive Coach for senior leaders, a sought-after speaker on leadership and women's leadership, and a consultant specializing in brand strategy and personal branding, she brings a wealth of expertise to her field.

With nearly 25 years of executive experience in multinational corporations, Margaret has held leadership roles across Latin America and the Caribbean. Her career includes positions as CEO in Argentina, COO in Colombia, President and General Manager in Costa Rica, VP for Latin America in Mexico, and VP Director in the Caribbean, among others. This extensive regional exposure has provided her with a deep understanding of cultural nuances and market dynamics across Latin America.

Margaret holds a graduate degree in Leadership Coaching from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., an MBA from INCAE Business School, and a double major in Social and Organizational Psychology from McGill University in Montreal, Canada.

Professor Mauricio Jenkins is a Full Professor at INCAE Business School. He holds a Ph.D. Grade in International Economics and Finance from Brandeis University. He also holds an M.A. in International Economics and Finance from Brandeis University, an M.B.A. with Distinction from INCAE Business School, and a B.S. in Civil Engineering from the University of Costa Rica. In 1994 the United States Government awarded him the prestigious Fulbright scholarship to pursue his doctoral studies.

As a member of the faculty of INCAE for over 25 years, Professor Jenkins has taught corporate finance, international finance and international business courses for MBA students in several countries in Latin America, Europe and the United States, as well as dozens of executive seminars on company valuation, portfolio management, treasury management, investment projects, international finance and financing structuring in more than a dozen countries.

Professor Jenkins is the Academic Director of the Executive MBA in Finance at INCAE, and was Director of the Institute's Senior Management Program for 10 years. He has also been a visiting professor at the European Business School, Rotterdam School of Management and Brandeis University, teaching courses in corporate finance and international finance at both universities.

Professor Jenkins has also served as a consultant to the Harvard Institute for International Development. Harvard Institute for International Development (HIID), the Central American Bank for Economic Integration, the Government of Costa Rica, the Panama Canal Authority, the National Bank of Costa Rica, as well as several business groups in the region. Professor Jenkins has also served on more than half a dozen Boards of Directors of leading companies and institutions in the region. His consulting activities have been mainly focused on the valuation of companies and the evaluation of investment projects, as well as the development of financial strategies for several companies and entities.

Articles

Research work

Mauricio Jenkins holds a Ph.D. Grade in International Economics and Finance from Brandeis University. He also holds an M.A. in International Economics and Finance from Brandeis University, an M.B.A. with distinction from Incae, and a B.S. in Civil Engineering from the University of Costa Rica.

In 1994 the United States government awarded him the prestigious Fulbright scholarship for his doctoral studies. He is currently an Adjunct Professor at the Central American Institute of Business Administration (INCAE).

As a member of the Institute's faculty, Professor Jenkins has taught finance and international business courses for MBA students, as well as numerous executive seminars on business valuation, portfolio management, treasury management, investment projects and financing structuring in countries such as Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and Venezuela.

In 2004, he was appointed Academic Director of the Senior Management Program, the longest running program at INCAE, and was also Academic Director of the Master of Medical Management Program, a master's program taught jointly by INCAE and Tulane University.

Professor Jenkins has also served as a consultant to the Harvard Institute for International Development (HIID), the Government of Costa Rica, and major business groups in the region.

His consulting activities have been mainly focused on business valuation and evaluation of investment projects, as well as the development of the financial strategies of several companies.

He currently serves on the Boards of Directors of two important Costa Rican business groups.

Bernard Kilian is Dean of Faculty and Research at INCAE Business School, where he also teaches courses in the areas of Microeconomics and Operations Management as a full professor. A native of Germany, he holds a Ph.D. in Environmental Resource Economics and an M.Sc. in Agricultural Sciences with emphasis in Economics, both from the University of Hohenheim, Germany.

Prior to joining INCAE, he was in charge of the economic project within a national macro project in Germany called precision agriculture. He also taught at the graduate level at the University of Hohenheim, and was a visiting professor at the University of Minnesota. He has led numerous market studies on sustainable products in international markets.

As a full professor of INCAE in the master's degree programs, he has a vast experience, backed by several years of professional practice. Professor Kilian teaches courses in the areas of Microeconomics and Operations Management.

Articles

Research work

Full Professor in Operations Management and Microeconomics, INCAE Business School.

Sustainable Market Intelligence Center CIMS, Costa Rica. Former Production and Research Manager.

Since May 2005, part-time. University of Hohenheim, Department of Agricultural Economics. Project Manager

March 1999 - July 2002 Economic Project part of the National Research and Development Project Administration and Management System for Precision Agriculture to increase the efficiency of agricultural activity and promote its compatibility with the environment. Promoted and directed by the German Ministry of Education and Science.

• Responsible for applying methodology and managing the finances of the economic project.
• Consultancy to farmers to improve the management of their activities and management of farmers' meetings in different regions of Germany.
• Lecturer on the Economic Aspects of Precision Agriculture in national and international forums. Professor of Undergraduate and Grade Studies

1999-2000.

Courses given:

• Applied Natural Resource Economics and Operations Research.
• Departments of Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Policy and Markets.
• Research Assistant

1993-1994.

Emphasis:

• Analysis of empirical data from market research and Linear Programming.

Consulting:

• BASF Ludwigshafen 1998 - 2000 (Contact: Dr Zerulla)
• Economic evaluation of optimized input management in the long term. John Deere, Mannheim 2002 (Contact: Dr Neuhaus)
• Economic Consulting in Precision Agriculture. Industrieverband Agrar (IVA), Frankfurt am Main 2001 (Contact: Dr. Prath.)
• Farm Administration and Management and Sustainability Presentations. International Experience University of Minnesota
• Department of Applied Economics Exchange Professor November 2000 - April 2001

Concentration: Econometrics -The objective of the visit was to exchange metrological concepts for testing improvements in precision profitability in agriculture. Timirjasew-Akademie. Moscow, Russia, May 20-28, 2000 Tiblise State University. Tiblise, Georgia,

19 -26 October 2001 TEMPUS Project: Restructuring of the economic program in universities in Eastern European countries. Promoted by the European Union. -The purpose of the exchange was to support Eastern European Universities to develop in them Economics departments, and I also offered courses in Natural Resources Economics. Workshops promoted by the European Union: Joint Action: Policies to Control the Environmental Impacts of Agriculture.

• German representative and presenter of national reports at the following venues: Thessalonica, Greece Workshop on Nutrient Management Legislation in European Countries,

17-19 May 2000 Oslo, Norway Workshop on Mineral Emissions from Agriculture,

January 25-28, 1996 European Commission (EU), Directorate for Agriculture, Brussels, Belgium.

November 25-27, 2001. -Representative of Germany to inform and consult to the European Commission the point of view of Applied Economics about the introduction of Precision Agriculture in the different countries. INCAE. Alajuela, Costa Rica. Carlson School of Management Seminar-INCAE.

January 7-18, 2001. The seminar covered the following topics: Management, resource economics, environment and sustainable development and their management in Latin America (local cases). Languages: German, English, Spanish and French.

Octavio Martínez Argüello is a professor of competitive and corporate strategy at INCAE Business School. He was also director of its Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development (CLACDS). His academic research on issues of vertical integration strategy, contracts and geographic location of companies has been awarded several times by the Academy of Management, the world's leading professional association of management academics and consultants.

He has been a consultant in strategy formulation and implementation for companies in the food and beverage, agribusiness, pharmaceutical, energy, financial and real estate sectors. He is a partner of bac&asociados, a consulting firm specialized in the strategic transformation of companies in Latin America. Previously, he has experience in operations management with Walmart de México y Centroamérica.

He has also been invited to lecture at Harvard University (HBS), University of Pennsylvania (Wharton), New York University (NYU Stern), Washington University in St. Louis (Olin), Instituto de Empresa (IE), Duke University, Boston University (Questrom), Insper (Brazil), Universidad Católica de Chile and Universidad Torcuato di Tella (Argentina).

D. in Business Strategy from the University of Toronto, Rotman School of Management. He also holds an MBA (with high distinction) from INCAE Business School, and a BS in Industrial Engineering (cum laude) from the American University (UAM). Prior to obtaining his doctorate, he was a senior researcher at INCAE, where he developed a comprehensive collection of teaching cases used in the institution's master's and executive education programs in Latin America. This collection includes topics on business and financial strategy, competitiveness, marketing and sales in transnational and local companies.

Articles

Martínez, O. (Octavio); Bolaños, E.; Arce, R. (2020). Nicaragua's Road to Prosperity.
Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2020). From Crisis to Business Opportunity.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Montiel, E. (Eduardo) (2016). Budget Inn Hotel: Estimating Country Risk in Cost of Capital.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Ketelhöhn, N. (Niels); Pérez, F. (Felipe) (2015). Energy for Competitiveness.
Ketelhöhn, N. (Niels); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2009). Log of a container (B).
Ketelhöhn, N. (Niels); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2008). The Nicaraguan cattle and beef industry in 2007.
Exprúa, J. (José); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2008). Club Colombia: Extending the success.
Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2008). Backus and Johnston: Responding to competition.
Retana, G. (Germán); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2008). Organizational change in the Pluto factory.
Exprúa, J. (José); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2008). Re-launching Club Colombia beer.
Condo, A. (Arturo); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2008). Central American Polytechnic Institute (IPC): Training for competitiveness.
Alfaro, L.N. (Luis); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2007). Compartamos: Economic, social, and human capital.
Alfaro, L.N. (Luis); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2007). National Brewery Collection.

Books

Memarian, M. (Mahsa); Martínez, O. (Octavio); Mora-García, Claudio (2024). Pandemic and New Dynamics in the Residential Real Estate Market . s.l.; s.p..

Research work

Martínez, O. (Octavio); Solórzano, Gaudy. (2024). Café de Costa Rica: traceability & sustainability statement (31338) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Montiel, E. (Eduardo Luis); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Hotel Business Inn: estimando riesgo país (12485) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Cervecería Nacional: canal diversión; papel del Channel Developer (11725) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Ketelhohn, N. (Niels) (2024). Industria nicaragüense de ganaderia para carne bovina en el año 2007 (11815) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Cervecería Nacional: canal diversión; papel del POS (11723) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Retana, G. (Germán) (2024). Cambio organizacional en la Fábrica Plutón (11793) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Cervecería Nacional: canal para llevar; papel del POS (11713) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Montiel, E. (Eduardo); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Sucesión accionaria y relaciones armoniosas en empresas familiares . San José, Costa Rica :. San José, Costa Rica : Summa Media Group.
Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Cervecería Nacional: canal comiendo fuera; papel del Channel Developer (11721) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Ketelhohn, N. ( Niels) (2024). Bitácora de un contenedor de Chiltomas (11981) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Cervecería Nacional: canal socializando; papel del POS (11715) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Clancy, S. (Susan); Martínez, O. (Octavio); Ketelhöhn, N. (Niels) (2024). Corrupción en América Latina y sus soluciones potenciales . Georgia :. Georgia : CNN en Español.
Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Cervecería Nacional: canal para llevar (11711) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Sanz, L. (Luis J.) (2024). Credi Q Inversiones II = Credi Q Investments II (12093) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Oxley, J. (Joanne); Silverman, B. (Brian) (2024). Addressing endogeneity issues in alliance research . Amsterdam, Netherlands :. Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier.
Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Cervecería Nacional: canal socializando; papel del Channel Developer (11717) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Pérez, F. (Felipe) (2024). Agropecuaria San Jorge . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Cervecería Nacional: canal comiendo fuera; papel del POS (11719) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Sanz, L. (Luis); Martínez, O. (Octavio); Lesizza, Mateo.; González, Connie; traductor.; González, Connie (2024). Lidersoft (11535) . Managua, Nicaragua :. Managua, Nicaragua : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Beverinotti, J. (Javier); Figueroa, L. (Luis) (2024). Crecimiento empresarial en tiempos de incertidumbre: resumen de experiencias de organizaciones emblemáticas en la región andina . New York :. New York : Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Coronavirus: 7 formas de proteger el empleo de los colaboradores en la empresa . Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala :. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala : Prensa Libre, S.A..
Ketelhöhn, N. (Niels); Navarro, Emily.; Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Ejercicio: la concentración del sector bancario Latinoamericano en 2014 = Exercise: concentration of the Latin American banking sector in 2014 (12461) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); López, J. (Juan Pablo) (2024). Corrupción, trayendo a la luz lo oculto: el caso de Honduras y El Salvador . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : CLACDS.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Alfaro, L. (Luis Noel) (2024). Fundación para el Desarrollo Socio-Económico Rural (FUNDESER) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Alfaro Gramajo, L. (Luis Noel) (2024). COMASA: Creating an industry = COMASA: la creación de una industria (11875) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). De la Crisis a la oportunidad de negocios. Costa Rica. Costa Rica Revista Vida y Éxito.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Sanz, L. (Luis J.) (2024). Credi Q Inversiones II . Bogotá, Colombia :. Bogotá, Colombia : CLADEA.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Corts, K. (Kenneth S.) (2024). Long-term contracts and repeated interaction: evidence from the Costa Rican coffee market . New York :. New York : Academy of Management.
Ketelhohn, N. (Niels); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2024). Eficiencia, canas o cerebro: ¿En que basan sus estrategias de diferenciación los bufetes de América Latina? . San José, Costa Rica :. San José, Costa Rica : Summa Media Group.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Pérez, F. (Felipe); Baltodano, D. (Duilio) (2024). Ganadería Internacional S.A. (Gainsa) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Brenes, E. (Esteban R.); Ciravegna, L. (Luciano); López, María Fernanda; Pichardo, Caleb (2024). Cacao Oro (31414) . United States :. United States : IFAMA.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Alfaro Gramajo, L. N. (Luis Noel) (2024). Compartamos: valor económico, social y humano = Compartamos: economic, social, and human value (11729) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio); Contreras, Ginger. (2024). García & Bodan: Attorneys & Counselors at law (12489) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Ketelhöhn, N. (Niels); Martínez, O. (Octavio); Figueroa, L. (Luis) (2024). Efectos de la crisis del COVID-19 en América Latina y respuestas gerenciales . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Brenes, E. (Esteban R.); Martínez, O. (Octavio); Ketelhohn, N. (Niels); Hernández, Andrea. (2024). Agroalfa (31166) . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Ketelhöhn, N. (Niels); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2023). Growth strategies for law firms . Massachusetts :. Massachusetts : Harvard Business Review Press.
C. Mora-García (Claudio); Memarian, M. (Mahsa); Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2023). Pandemia y nuevas dinámicas en el mercado inmobiliario residencial. Costa Rica. Costa Rica INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2023). El Camino de Nicaragua a la Prosperidad . Costa Rica. Costa Rica INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2023). Respuestas gerenciales en tiempos de Covid-19 . Alajuela, Costa Rica :. Alajuela, Costa Rica : INCAE Business School.
Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2023). Cómo sostener las finanzas de una empresa en la crisis del coronavirus . Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala :. Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala : Prensa Libre, S.A..
Martínez, O. (Octavio) (2023). Market competition and vertical contracting: evidence from the trade of coffee beans . New York :. New York : Academy of Management.

Octavio Martínez Argüello is currently a professor of competitive and corporate strategy at INCAE Business School.

He has been a consultant in strategy formulation and implementation, as well as in the evaluation of investment projects in companies in the food and beverage, agribusiness, energy and real estate sectors.

Previously, he developed experience in retail operations management with Wal-Mart de Mexico and Central America.

D. in Business Strategy from the University of Toronto, Rotman School of Management.

He also holds an MBA with high distinction from INCAE Business School, and a Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Engineering (Cum Laude) from Universidad Americana (UAM).

His academic research on vertical integration strategy and geographic location of companies has been awarded several times by the Academy of Management, the world's leading professional association of management academics and consultants.

He has also been invited to lecture at Harvard University (HBS), University of Pennsylvania (Wharton), New York University (NYU Stern), Washington University in St. Louis, Instituto de Empresa (IE), Duke University, Boston University and Universidad Católica de Chile.

Prior to earning his doctorate, he was a Senior Researcher at INCAE, where he developed a collection of 15 teaching cases used in the institution's master's and executive education programs in Latin America.

This collection includes topics on business and financial strategy, competitiveness, marketing and sales in transnational and local companies.

Consultant in leadership, communication and change management for companies in various industries in Latin America, including family businesses and state institutions.

She served for almost 10 years as Director of Business Development and Human Resources for Ernst & Young in Central America and the Caribbean. The transformation she led at a cultural level, led the company to rank third in Great Place To Work (GPTW) at a regional level.

She was a consultant in the design of communication and change management strategies for IDB and World Bank projects. Her most recent collaboration with the IDB was the design and deployment of a Leadership Program for Emerging Women Leaders.

He teaches mentoring, personal branding and management skills programs for companies with local, regional and Latin American scope. Speaker on personal branding, leadership and change management.

At INCAE she is a guest lecturer on negotiation, communication, leadership, high performance teams, personal branding, organizational change management and other related topics.

He began his career as a journalist. She holds master's degrees in Project Management, Business Management and International Management. She is certified in a number of tools including: The Leadership Circle Profile; LCP®Change Management Prosci®; Conflict Management - TKI®; Interpersonal Relations - FIRO-B®, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® (MBTI®); HCMBOK® 3G Practitioner; HCMP® 3G Expert Professional and Belbin Team Roles®.

Andrea M. Prado is an associate professor of management and organizations at INCAE Business School. She is director of the Strachan Chair in Philanthropy and Social Investment. Her research explores the role of companies in promoting sustainable development in the countries where they operate, particularly through their corporate social responsibility strategies and the delivery of products and services to low-income populations.

She also studies the impact and dynamics of industry self-regulation (i.e., the adoption of voluntary certification programs) to promote environmental and labor practices in emerging economies. She has published her research in prestigious academic journals, books and book chapters and has received multiple international awards.

Prof. Prado has led multiple executive programs in Health Management and Global Health at INCAE. She was the Academic Director of the Central America Healthcare Initiative (CAHI) from its inception in 2012 to 2019. CAHI seeks to catalyze access to quality healthcare services for low-income populations through innovative solutions and improved management capabilities in the region through a scholarship program delivered by INCAE.

Prado received a Ph.D. in Management and Organizations from the Stern School of Business, New York University, an M.A. in International Economics from the University of Essex, UK and a B.A. in Economics from the University of Costa Rica. She received a Fulbright scholarship for her doctoral studies and a Chevening scholarship for his master's studies.

More information at: https://www.andreamprado.com/

Articles

Research work

Associate Professor at INCAE Business School, specializing in competitive strategy, corporate strategy and organizational change. His academic career distinguishes two lines of research: one related to the evolution and reconfiguration of global value chains and the other that seeks to understand how differences in organizational configuration, structure and management systems in Latin American environments affect firm performance. His teaching areas include: business strategy, corporate strategy, change management and organizational transformation. 

His academic research has received several international awards, such as the Gunnar Hedlund Prize (2016), awarded by the Stockholm School of Economics for the Best Doctoral Thesis in International Business, the Global Strategy Research Award (2020) by the European International Business Academy, recognizing his work in global strategy and the IM Douglas Nigh Award (2020), awarded by the International Management Division of the Academy of Management. He has published his research in renowned academic journals such as: the Global Strategy Journal, the Journal of Business Research, Corporate Governance, among others.

Professor Rodriguez has been recognized for his teaching excellence and has won the award for the best teacher in the full-time MBA program in 2019 and 2020. As a consultant, he has worked with firms from Mexico to Panama in areas of strategic planning, corporate strategy, cultural change management, organizational design and transformation. 

D. from McGill University, Canada. A graduate with distinction in Business Administration from INCAE Business School, prior to his academic career, he worked as a project manager at Procter and Gamble for five years.

He was a visiting scholar at Duke University. During high school he won a gold medal in the Costa Rican Mathematics Olympiad (1994) and took first place in the team competition in the Iberoamerican Mathematics Olympiad (Brazil, 1995).

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Research work

As an academic, he has two lines of research, one related to the evolution and reconfiguration of global value chains and another that seeks to understand how differences in organizational configuration, structure and management systems in Latin American environments affect firm performance.

As a consultant, he has worked with firms from Mexico to Panama in the areas of strategic planning, corporate strategy, culture change and organizational design. Before returning to INCAE, he was a visiting scholar at Duke University. Prior to his academic career, he was a project manager at Procter and Gamble for five years.

During high school he won a gold medal in the Costa Rican Mathematics Olympiad (1994) and first place in the team competition in the Ibero-American Mathematics Olympiad (Brazil, 1995).

Alberto Trejos received his Ph.D. in economics from the University of Pennsylvania. As an academic, he has been a faculty member at Northwestern University and INCAE, where he also served as Dean and as director of the Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development. He has been a visiting scholar at the University of Michigan, the Institut d'Anàlisi Econòmica de Barcelona, the University of California and the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States. He has published extensively in both academic journals and practitioner media, especially in monetary theory, macroeconomics, international trade and development.

He is currently the president of Grupo Cuestamoras, and for two decades has been part of the governance (in Costa Rica and regionally) of the financial group BAC-Credomatic. He is a partner of the consulting firms CEFSA and DRP, and has provided his services to governments, international organizations and companies in 60 countries, mainly in the Americas, Europe and Africa.

In Costa Rica he was minister of foreign trade, a position from which he led the negotiation of CAFTA. He was one of the original members of the Financial System Supervisory Council and, for almost a decade, president of CINDE, the agency for attracting foreign direct investment. He participated in the design and negotiation of the Worker Protection Law, which constituted the integral reform of the pension system.

He has been a founding director of the Brenthurst Foundation in South Africa, the Democracy Lab and the advisory board of the New York University School of Public Health. He also chaired the Arias Foundation for Peace and Democracy. He has been a judge in international disputes before the World Trade Organization.

Articles

Research work

Alberto Trejos received his Ph.D. in economics with honors from the University of Pennsylvania in 1994. He has been a faculty member at Northwestern University, and a visiting professor at the University of Michigan and the Institut d Analisi Economica de Barcelona.

At INCAE he has served as dean and director of his think-tank, the Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development. His academic work focuses on monetary economics, macroeconomics, international economics and development.

In public policy, he served as Costa Rica's Minister of Foreign Trade, during which time he led the negotiation of CAFTA. He has also been president of CINDE, the investment attraction office, and a member of the National Council of Supervision of the Financial System. He participated in the design and negotiation of the pension system reform.

In private practice, he is a partner at CEFSA, the leading macroeconomic consulting firm in his country. He is a member of the board of directors of several important companies in Costa Rica, including the bank BAC San José, Corporación Cuestamoras, the newspaper El Financiero and the distributor DIPO.

Internationally, he has been a consultant and expert for governments, international organizations and companies in 50 countries in Latin America, Europe and Africa. He is a director of the Brenthurst Foundation in South Africa. He directs the International Council on the Economy for the President of Malawi, and is a member of the Board of International Advisors for the President of Mozambique.

Roy Gerardo Zúñiga is the Dean of Degree Programs and Full Professor at INCAE Business School, where he teaches the courses Operations Management, Operations Strategy, Digitalization of Operations, Industry 4.0, Operations and Supply Chain Analytics. He is the academic director of the Artificial Intelligence for Organizations Program, the Master in Business Analytics, the Master in Data Analytics, the Young Executives Program, the Leadership for High Potentials Program and the Entrepreneurship Development and Acceleration Program. He teaches in Executive Education and Public Management Programs.

He previously served as dean of the Walter Kissling Gam Campus at INCAE, dean of faculty, director of CLACDS (Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development), dean of executive education, associate dean of marketing and as executive director of INCAE.

He has been a consultant for the World Bank, founder and board member of several companies and advisor to the Industrial Reconversion Program of Costa Rica in the leather and footwear, textile, apparel, food and plastics sectors; general manager of a restaurant chain; as well as process engineer, assistant materials manager and plant manager of Sony Music's Columbia Broadcasting System.

He was nominated by his students at INCAE for the Best Business Professor Award by The Economist, obtaining the number 4 position in the world and the number 1 position in Latin America. His professional, academic and life experience, in more than 50 countries in 4 continents, make him a citizen of the world, with a solid multicultural vision based on countless experiences and learning.

He was nominated by his students at INCAE for the Best Business Professor Award by The Economist, obtaining the No. 4 position in the world and the No. 1 position in Latin America. His professional, academic and life experience in more than 50 countries in 4 continents makes him a citizen of the world, with a solid multicultural vision based on countless experiences and learning.

Those who have worked with him describe him as both an Expert and a Visionary who always looks ahead, in a framework of passion, respect and enthusiasm for everything he does. He is known for refining or adapting existing topics to deliver new solutions and looking at situations from different perspectives. He is an atypical academic, who worked for many years in various organizations before obtaining his PhD, which allows him not only to recognize the underlying problems and complexity, but also to seek sustainable solutions to problems relevant to organizations.

He has held General Management and Functional Management positions in both Service and Manufacturing organizations, developing several works for the Public Sector and NGOs, being able to easily understand different organizational schemes. He is an entrepreneur, consultant, Academically Qualified professor according to the international standards of INCAE Business School, being his research published in academic journals such as Journal of Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology and Life Sciences, Journal of Business Research, International Journal for Court Administration, Informing Science: The International Journal, Higher Education for the Future, Proceedings System Dynamics, among others.

Member of Boards of Directors for both Private and Civil Society organizations. Founder of a regional consulting group specialized in Complexity Management, Results, Excellence in Strategy Execution, Operations, Metrics and Innovation. He has worked for organizations of different sizes and economic activities, such as: ADELCA, African Court of Human and Peoples Rights, Panama City Hall, Autoridad Reguladora Servicios Públicos, Avícola Salvadoreña, BASF, Banco Agromercantil de Guatemala, Banco General de Panamá, Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Banco Nacional, BANESCO, Banco Mundial, Banco Popular, Banco Popular, Bonice de México, Boston Scientific, Café Soluble de Nicaragua, CBC, CCSS, Cervecería Centroamericana S.A. of Guatemala, Cervecería Costa Rica, Cervecería Nacional de Panamá, Coca Cola FEMSA, Coca Cola Interamerican, Columbia Broadcasting System of Sony Music, COMASA of Nicaragua, Compañía Avícola de Centro América, Compañía Nacional de Chocolates of Colombia, CuestaMoras, Fundación Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho of Venezuela, Grupo Hugger, Grupo Kineret, Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad, Instituto Costarricense de Turismo, Instituto de Previsión Social de Paraguay, Kellogg's, Koramsa, Master Card-LEADS, Millicom-TIGO, ILO, Philips, Procter & Gamble, Poder Judicial de Costa Rica, Pfizer, SAB Miller, SigmaQ and Advisor to the Industrial Reconversion Program of Costa Rica in the Leather and Footwear, Textiles, Apparel, Food and Plastics sectors.

He previously served as Dean of the Walter Kissling Gam Campus at INCAE, Dean of Faculty, Director of CLACDS, Dean of Executive Education and as Executive Director of INCAE. He is the Academic Director of the Masters in Business Analytics and Data Analytics. He teaches courses in Operations Management, Operations Strategy, Digitalization of Operations, Industry 4.0, Logistics and Quality and Process Management. He is the Academic Director of the Artificial Intelligence for Organizations Program, the Young Executives Leadership Program and the Leadership for High Potentials Program, and Co-Academic Director of the Middle Management Program. He teaches in Senior Management, Senior Public Management and Service Management Programs.

Leader of several projects of the Latin American Center for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development (CLACDS): Competitiveness of the Information Technology Cluster in Venezuela and Agrotechnology in Ecuador, carried out by a joint effort between INCAE, Harvard University and the Andean Development Corporation, the study of the creation of a Medical Devices Cluster in Costa Rica, Coffee Cluster in El Salvador, Banana Cluster in Costa Rica, Business Climate in the Central American Textile and Apparel Industry, Strategic Action Guide for the Costa Rican Dairy Sector, Strategic Action Guide for the Honduran Textile Maquila, and Non-Tariff Tariff Tariffs for obtaining sanitary registrations in Central America.

Member of System Dynamics Society, Production and Operations Management Society, Global Innovation Management Institute, Informing Science Institute and American Society for Quality. Master Level Certified. Founding member of INTECO and the College of Operational Excellence of the Production and Operations Management Society.